oh deer study!

Basic Principles of First Aid

First step: recognize that an emergency exist

When an emergency occurs you must

Check scene and make sure approach is safe

in the emergency you should NEVER

Move an injured victim unless the victim is in a dangerous area

____ Refers to the death of the body cells

Biological death

Adult and child shock dosages

Adult dose/electrodes can be used on patients over the age of 8

Continue CPR until an AED is available because

Anyone can use it; all you have to do is follow the steps when you turn it on

An unconscious victim, or victim in a coma can ___

Still hear you, however they cannot respond

If you are alone, shout for help, and start CPR if needed for

Unconscious child or infant (age 1 year to puberty), Victim of submersion or near drowning, Victim with cardiac arrest caused by drug overdose

Correct Hand placement for CPR is _____

Hand is placed on lower half of the sternum between nipples, and rate should be 100-120 per minute

After 30 compressions you should

Open airway using head tilt/ chin-lift method (one hand on forehead and fingertips on the jawbone closet to you)

CPR for infants (birth to 1 year)

30 compressions followed by 2 ventilations for one rescuer (30:2 ratio) 15 compressions followed by 2 ventilations for two rescuers (15:2 ratio)

One person adult rescue for adult

30 compressions followed by 2 ventilations (30:2 ratio)

Two person adult rescue for adult

30 compressions by one rescuer followed with 2 ventilations by the second rescuer (30:2 ratio)

CPR for children (1 year to puberty)

30 compressions followed by 2 ventilations for one rescuer (30:2 ratio) 15 compressions followed by 2 ventilations for two rescuers (15:2 ratio)

If an adult victim is conscious, choking, and coughing talking or making noise the ____

Airway is NOT completely obstructed- encourage victim to cough hard

If an adult victim is conscious, but not able to talk or make noise or breathe

The airway is completely obstructed- administer abdominal thrusts

If choking victim is an infant (birth to one year) and has an obstructed airway

Give 5 back blows, 5 chest thrust, and a finger sweep of the mouth if the object is seen

If an adult victim is choking, and has an obstructed airway and becomes unresponsive you should _____

Begin CPR

To control bleeding ___

Apply direct pressure

With some wounds, objects can remain in the tissues or become embedded in the wound

If the object is in the surface of the skin, you can gently remove it with sterile tweezers; do not try to remove objects when embedded in a deep wound

Causes of shock

Psychological trauma (fear, anger, or even grief)

Diaphoresis

Profuse or excessive perspirationI, or sweating

If Ingestion poisoning occurs

Call poison controller center (PCC), physician or emergency medical services (EMS)

if Injection poisoning has occurred

If in arm, or leg affected keep in a gravity neutral position close to the heart level (if you elevate extremity poison will rush to heart)

If a tick is embedded in the skin

Remove with tweezers, wash area with soap and water, apply antiseptic, watch for infection, obtain medical help

Superficial and Mild partial Thickness Burns

The main treatment is to cool the area by flushing it with large amounts of cool water

Chemical Burns Treatment

Use large amounts of water to flush the affected areas for 15-30 minutes or until medical help arrives

Heat stroke

The victim can be placed in a tub of cool water

Providing first aid for cold exposure

Get the victim to a warm area, remove wet clothing, slowly warming the victim by wrapping in blankets or putting on dry clothes

Fracture Types

Compound or open fracture skin is ruptured

First aid for dislocations is

Basically the same as that for fractures

Sprains treatment includes

Apply a cold application to decrease swelling and pain

Strains treatment includes

Apply cold applications to reduce the swelling

First aid care for head or skull injuries is

Keep victim flat on their back and elevate extremities 1 foot above heart level

Epitaxis

Nosebleed

If a chest wound is open

Leave the chest exposed to air without a dressing this will allow air to flow directly in and out with breathing

Treatment for nosebleeds include

Sitting position with the head leaning slightly forward, and apply pressure to control bleeding

If an object is protruding from the chest

Do NOT attempt to remove the object

Treatment for protruding organs

Apply sterile dressing over organs if protruding

A stroke (CVA) cerebrovascular accident

An interrupted supply of blood to the brain, caused by formation of a clot, blockage of an artery, or rupture of a blood vessel

The reason the first 3 hours of a CVA are very crucial is because _______

The patient needs to be transported to the hospital to get medical care

Fainting

Can be a sign of a serious illness; seek medical attention

During a convulsion do NOT

Apply anything between the victims teeth,Use force to restrain or stop muscle movement

When moving a convulsing victim to the floor

Protect the patients head to prevent it hitting the floor, and try to remove any scarfs or ties from their necks