Concentrations of Solutions

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to concentrations of solutions, including definitions and examples.

Concentration

The amount of solute dissolved in a solution.

Dilute Solution

A solution containing a little solute.

Concentrated Solution

A solution containing a lot of solute.

Percent Composition

The percent composition by mass is calculated using the formula: % composition by mass = (mass of part / mass of whole) × 100.

Parts per million (ppm)

A measurement that expresses the concentration of a solute in a solution, calculated as (mass of solute / mass of solution) × 1,000,000.

Molarity (M)

A measure of concentration defined as moles of solute per liter of solution.

Percent Composition Formula

The formula to calculate percent composition by mass: (mass of solute / total mass of solution) × 100.

Example of Percent Composition Calculations

To find the percent composition of glucose in 100 grams of solution with 2.8 grams of glucose: (2.8 g / 100 g) × 100 = 2.8%.

Example of Parts per Million Calculation

To find the concentration in ppm of a solution containing 0.010 g of lead in 15 g of solution: (0.010 g / 15 g) × 1,000,000 = 667 ppm.

Example of Molarity Calculation

To calculate molarity of a solution containing 0.70 mol of NaCl in 2.5 liters: M = 0.70 mol / 2.5 L = 0.28 M.

Example of Molarity with Molar Mass

For a solution containing 660 g of Ca₂(PO₄)₂ in 2.5 L, first convert grams to moles using the molar mass to find molarity.