World War 1

Central Powers/Triple Alliance

Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire

Allied Powers/Triple Entente

Alliance between Great Britain, France, Russia, and the United States

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary

Gavrilo Princip

Assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The Black Hand

Serbian Nationalist Group behind the assassination of Franz Ferdinand

M.A.I.N Causes of WW1

M- Militarism

A- Alliances

I- Imperialism

N- Nationalism

Mobilization

Preparing for war; increasing of the army and navy in your country

Nationalism in Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary rules over many different ethnic groups; these ethnic groups begin to revolt for their own freedom

The Schlieffen Plan

German strategy to avoid a 2-front war; Invade France through Belgium first, then attack Russia

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

German naval strategy of attacking any ship in the declared war zones with U-Boats

Poisonous Gas/Mustard Gas

Chemical warfare that is used in the trenches of WW1; causes choking, blisters, and fills your lungs with fluid resulting in a horrific death

Trench Warfare

Style of war of WW1 on the Western Front

Stalemate

The result of trench warfare; both sides cannot make any offensive attacks

No Man's Land

The area of land between the two trenches; difficult to cross because of mines and defensive attacks

Battle at Verdun

German offensive attack against the French; 600,000 dead between both sides; no side gains land

Battle at the Somme

British counterattck against the Germans after Battle at Verdun; no side gains land

4 Reasons the U.S. Enters WW1

1. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare/Sinking of the Lusitania

2. Zimmerman Telegram

3. Economic Ties with Great Britain and France

4. Necessary to keep the world safe for democracy

Zimmerman Telegram

A German telegram sent to Mexico proposing Mexico enter the war with the side of the Central Powers; in return, Mexico would gain Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona from the U.S.

Propaganda

Posters or advertisements meant to create supporting of a cause or damaging the opposing cause

Total War

Using all of a country's resources towards the war effort

Themes of Propaganda

1. Enlist and mobilize the army

2. Donate money to the war effort

3. Exaggeration of German actions

4. Exaggeration of actions against innocent people

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Treaty signed by Vladimir Lenin that allowed Russia to withdraw from the war

Russian Revolution

Vladimir Lenin and the Communist Bolshevik party overthrows Czar Nicholas II in 1917-1918; the internal chaos in Russia leads to withdrawing from WW1

Armistice Day

November 11, 1918 @ 11 AM

The Paris Peace Conference

Where the Big 3 met and discussed how to rebuild Europe after WW1

The Big 3

Wilson (US), George (GB), and Clemenceau (FR)

The goal of the League of Nations

To Prevent future wars

Reasons why the League of Nations Failed

1. No power to enforce decisions

2. Collective Security

3. U.S. Does not join

Collective Security

Forcing members of the League of Nations to join in a conflict if another member is attacked

Goal of Wilson's 14 Points

To Prevent future wars

Points of Wilson's 14 Points

1. No secret alliances

2. Freedom of the Seas and Trade

3. Reduce military powers

Wiemar Republic

The temporary German government that signed the Treaty of Versailles

Requirements of Germany under the Treaty of Versailles

1. Take full blame of the war (war guilt clause)

2. Pay 30 billion dollars of war reparations (debt)

3. Reduce the size of their military

4. No alliances with Austria-Hungary

5. Give up all land outside of Germany

Result of WW1 across Europe

Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Germany are broken up; the creation of new smaller nations around Europe (Yugoslavia, Austria, Hungary, Lithuania, etc.)

How the U.S. entry to WW1 helped the Allied Powers

1. Increased military size (2 million more men)

2. Increased moral (spirits)

3. Young and fresh soldiers ready to fight

Ultimatum

Final set of demands

Ultimatum in WW1

Austria-Hungary demanding Serbia stop anti-Austrian attitudes or else face a war

"Blank Check"

Germany offering unlimited support in any way to Austria-Hungary

The first declaration of war

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia

The Spark of WWI

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, Bosnia

The first physical action of WW1

Germany invades neutral Belgium