Bilanzierung Skript 2023_Kapitel 1

Rechnungslegung

The systematic process of recording, classifying, and summarizing financial transactions to provide information for decision-making.

Jahresabschluss

The annual financial statement that summarizes the accounts of an organization at the end of a fiscal year.

Bilanzierung

The process of preparing a balance sheet, which summarizes a company's assets, liabilities, and equity.

HGB

Handelsgesetzbuch (German Commercial Code), which outlines the regulations for commercial law and financial reporting in Germany.

IFRS

International Financial Reporting Standards, a set of accounting standards for financial reporting on a global scale.

GoB

Grundsätze ordnungsmäßiger Buchführung (principles of proper accounting), which are the fundamental rules for financial accounting in Germany.

Abschlussanalyse

The analysis of financial statements to assess the financial health and performance of an organization.

Strategische Rechnungslegung

Strategic accounting that focuses on the overarching goals and strategies of an organization in financial decision-making.

Eigenkapital

Equity capital or ownership interest that represents the residual interest in the assets of the entity after deducting liabilities.

Fremdkapital

Debt capital consisting of borrowed funds from external sources that must be repaid in the future.

Aktiva

Assets that represent economic resources owned by a business.

Passiva

Liabilities that represent the obligations of a business to pay for resources or services received.

Ergebnis- und Verlustrechnung (GuV)

Profit and loss statement that summarizes the revenues, costs, and expenses incurred during a specific period.

Ausschüttungsprognose

Projection of dividends that a company can afford to pay to its shareholders based on its earnings.

Finanzielle Analyse

The process of evaluating a company's financial statements to assess its performance, stability, and profitability.

Rechnungslegungsvorschriften

Regulations governing the preparation and presentation of financial statements.

Berichtsinstrumente

Reporting instruments such as financial statements, management reports, and financial disclosures that provide information about a company’s performance.

Allgemeine Geschäftskosten

General business costs that are not directly tied to a specific product or service but are necessary for the overall operations.

Wesentlichkeit

Materiality, a principle indicating that all significant information should be disclosed to users of financial statements.

Rückstellung

Provisions established for estimated future liabilities or expenses.

Bilanzidentität

The principle that states the balance sheet must remain stable in terms of equity and liabilities across reporting periods.

Realisationsprinzip

Realization principle, indicating that revenues are only recognized when they are earned and realizable.

Vorsichtsprinzip

Precautionary principle in accounting that advises caution in valuation and recognizing potential losses.

Imparitätsprinzip

Impairment principle whereby losses must be recognized in the period they occur, while gains are only recognized when realized.

Informationsinteressen

Information interests that highlight the needs for information from various stakeholders.

Rechtsvorschriften

Laws that govern accounting practices and financial disclosures.

Ersatzansätze

Replacement values in accounting used to assess the current value of assets.

Investitionsentscheidungen

Investment decisions involving the allocation of resources to long-term assets.

Rechnungssystem

A system for organizing financial transactions to produce meaningful financial information.

Kennzahlen

Key figures used in financial analysis to measure performance, such as profitability ratios and liquidity ratios.

Legitimitätsinteresse

Legitimacy interests regarding the justification and validity of financial reporting practices.

Konzernabschlüsse

Consolidated financial statements that aggregate the financial information of a parent company and its subsidiaries.

Saldierungsverbot

Prohibition against offsetting assets and liabilities, ensuring that financial statements reflect true financial positions.

Planzahlen

Projected financial figures used for budgeting and forecasting in financial planning.

Stichtagsprinzip

Balance sheet date principle that states asset values must be assessed at a specific point in time.

Betriebsvermögen

Operational assets that are necessary for running the business.