Anatomy Test 1 - Ribs

the jugular notch corresponds to the level of

T2-3

The xiphoid process corresponds to the vertebral level of:

T9-10

what is the joint space between the manubrium & body of sternum called?

sternal angle

at approximately what age does the xiphoid process become totally ossified?

40 years old

which structure connects the anterior aspect of the ribs to the sternum?

costocartilage

the sternal angle is palpable landmark at the level of

T4-5

which costocartilage attaches to the sternum at the level of the sternal angle?

second

in the erect adult bony thorax, the posterior or vertebral end of a typical rib is ____ higher than or more superior to the anterior portion.

3-5 inches

which of the following ribs is considered to be a false rib?

a. 9th

b. 7th

c. 1st

d. none of the options

a. 9th

which of the following statements is true about floating ribs?

a. they do not possess a costovertebral joint

b. they do not possess costocartilage

c. they are ribs 8-12

d. they do not possess a head

b. they do not possess costocartilage

the widest aspect of the bony thorax generally occurs at the level of:

the 8th or 9th ribs

what is the joint classification & type of movement for the sternoclavicular joints?

synovial with diarthrodial (plane) movement

which aspect of the rib articulates with the thoracic vertebral body?

head

which ribs are considered to be true ribs?

1st through 7th ribs

why is the RAO sternum preferred to the LAO position?

the RAO projects the sternum over the shadow of the heart

which of the following statements is true about radiography of ribs located above the diaphragm?

a. always include an AP projection as part of the routine

b. use a kVp range of 90-100

c. perform the study with the patient recumbent

d. suspend breathing upon inspiration

d. suspend breathing upon inspiration

which position will best demonstrate the axillary portion of the left ribs?

LPO

which position will best demonstrate the axillary portion of the right ribs?

LAO

which of the following conditions may occur with trauma to the ribs?

a. airway obstruction of the trachea

b. hemothorax

c. pulmonary embolus

d. pneumonia

b. hemothorax

what is the minimum number of ribs must be demonstrated for a unilateral rib study above the diaphragm?

ribs 1-9

the bony thorax includes the ribs, sternum, &

thoracic vertebra

the sternal angle corresponds to the vertebral level of

T4

true/false: the anterior end of the ribs do not attach directly to the sternum

true

true/false: a hypersthenic patient requires greater rotation of the sternum for the RAO projection as compared with a sthenic patient

false

which position can replace the RAO sternum for the trauma patient who cannot lie prone or stand?

LPO

true/false: the ideal, general position for a study of the ribs below the diaphragm is recumbent

true

what is the recommended degree of obliquity for an RAO projection of the sternum for an asthenic (thin-chested) type of patient?

20°

which position can replace the RAO of the sternum if the patient cannot lie prone?

LPO

what is the recommended SID for the erect lateral sternum position?

60-72 inches

where is the CR centered for a PA projections of the sternoclavicular joints?

3 inches distal to the vertebra prominence (T2-3)

how much rotation & which oblique position are required to best demonstrate the left sternoclavicular joints?

10°-15° LAO

which two projections must be taken for an injury to the right anterior, upper ribs?

PA & LAO

which two projections must be taken for an injury to the left posterior, lower ribs?

AP & LPO

fracture of adjacent ribs in two or more locations with associated pulmonary injury is known as a(n) _____ rib injury.

flail chest

the condition flail chest is most commonly caused by

blunt trauma

a radiograph of an RAO sternum reveals that it is partially superimposed over the spine. what must be done to eliminate this problem during the repeat exposure?

increase obliquity of the body

a radiograph of a lateral projection of the sternum reveals that the patients ribs are superimposed over the sternum. what needs to be done to correct this problem during the repeat exposure?

ensure that the patient is not rotated

a radiograph of an RAO, recumbent projection of the sternum demonstrates excessive lung markings obscuring the sternum. a one second exposure time & orthostatic (breathing) technique were used. what will produce a more diagnostic image of the sternum?

increase the exposure time & decrease the mA

a PA radiograph of the sternoclavicular (SC) joints demonstrates unequal distance from the SC joints to the midline of the spine. the left SC joint is farther from the sternum than the right. what specific positioning error is present on this radiograph?

slight right rotation (right side toward the IR)

a young female patient from the ED is brought back to radiology for a rib examination. she is able to sit up or stand for the procedure. she indicates that the region of pain is to the right anterior-to-mid axillary region. which rib projections should be performed to minimize the effective dose to this patient?

PA & LAO

a patient enters the ED with an injury to the left anterior ribs. which projection should be taken to demonstrate the involved area?

PA & RAO

an ambulatory patient enters the ED with a possible injury to the right upper posterior ribs. which positioning routines should be taken to demonstrate the involved area?

erect AP & RPO

a patient enters the ED with blunt trauma to the sternum. the patient is in great pain & cannot lie prone on the table or stand erect. what positioning routines would be best for the sternum examination in this situation?

LPO & horizontal beam lateral projections

initial PA projections of the SC joints indicate a possible bony defect involving the right SC joint. the vertebral column is preventing a clear view of it. which projection will demonstrate the right SC joint without superimposition over the spine?

RAO

a radiograph of an RAO projection of the ribs demonstrates the left axillary ribs are foreshortened. whereas the right side is elongated. what is the most likely reason for this radiographic outcome?

an LAO was performed rather than the RAO position

what landmark can be palpated to locate the upper margin of the sternum on the obese patient?

jugular notch

the inside margin of the rib, containing the blood vessels & nerves, is called the

costal groove