APUSH Unit 1 Quiz

Spain and Portugal were intense rivals in the colonization of ____. The tension forces The Pope to step in.

South America

Treaty of Tordesillas

1494

Early permanent colonies

* Pedro Menéndez de Avilés in St. Augustine (Florida)
* Jamestown
* Quebec
* Santa Fe

1st permanent European settlement

1565

Jamestown (present day Virginia)

1607

Quebec (Canada)

1608

Santa Fe (New Mexico)

1610

Reasons for European to travel

* Booming population
* Religious tension
* Economic opportunity
* Changes in farming
* Primogeniture

Primogeniture

the right of succession belonging to the firstborn child, especially the feudal rule by which the whole real estate of an intestate passed to the eldest son

Southern, Plantation, Chesapeake colonies

* Maryland (Many)
* Virginia (Very)
* Carolina (Cool)
* Georgia (Grapes)

Two main reasons for Jamestown:

* to find something profitable (gold)
* find the Northwest Passage

The colonists at Jamestown were religious, but…

religion was not a reason for settlement

The Virginia Company was granted a charter from the king

* permission
* guarantees the right of all Englishmen

Jamestown

* was settled about 40 miles inland
* safer
* easier to defend
* however, swampy

Most of the colonists were single men who were not prepared for the hardships ahead-

* starvation
* attack
* disease
* poor water supply

After six months in Jamestown,

only 38 of 105 survive (36%)

John Smith arrives in 1608; brings

* organize (Only)
* sanitation (Snakes)
* hygiene (Hate)
* discipline (Doughnuts)

John Smith provides

* relations with the local Native Americans
* maps out the Chesapeake Region

“Those that do not work, do not eat.”

Quote by John Smith to lead Jamestown

Under Smith, Jamestown looks like it is on the right course and relations with the local Native Americans are mostly positive BUT….

Smith is injured in an explosion and returns to England. Jamestown settles back in to its old habits

“Starving Time” (1609-10)

* harsh winters
* relations with the Native Americans deteriorates
* only 60 of 400 left

Spring of 1610, colonists begin to leave

meet up with new governor just arriving

Lord De La Warr

* very harsh
* war on Native Americans
* Powhatan Wars 1 and 2

Powhatan War 1

1614

Powhatan War 2

1644

Native Americans:

* Powhatans
* shaky relationship with settlers
* never united or organized

3 D’s:

* disease
* disorganization
* disposability

John Rolfe (1612)

* develops a popular type of tobacco
* becomes major cash crop

Effects of tobacco as a cash crop:

* plantation society (need much land, fewer towns, and schools; need large labor)
* depletion of the soil
* no economic diversity
* need for indentured servants

“Headright System”

anyone who buys a share of the company or pays for a passage receives 50 acres

1st example of representative government

Virginia House of Burgesses

Into the 1620s (1624) the Jamestown region continues to struggle so

King James 1 revokes the charter (Royal Colony)

1st permanent England colony in North America

Jamestown

1st “propriety” colony

Maryland (1632)

Lord Baltimore arrives in 1634

becomes leader of Catholic Colony

Maryland was a very polarize (dividing) colony:

Catholics- rich estates but minority

Protestants- poor majority

Baltimore was afraid

Catholics would be persecuted

Act of Religious Toleration (1649)

In Maryland, only Christians have freedom of worship; harsh laws for Jews and Muslims

1st Law in America granting religious freedom

Act of Religious Toleration

West Indies cash crop:

sugar cane

Sugar cane

* needed much more land and larger workforce than tobacco
* greater % of slaves than present day U.S.

Ratio of black slaves to white settlers for sugar cane

4:1

Barbados Code

* no legal rights for slaves (trial by jury)
* unclear on necessary shelter, food

Owners had complete control of their slaves, even right to live

\-horrible conditions in the West Indies for slaves

1st “restoration” colony

The Carolinas

Oliver Cromwell

beheaded Charles 1 and ruled in 1649

Charles 2

1660 “restores” the monarchy, Oliver Cromwell out of power

North Carolina

* poor, small farms, tobacco, outcasts from Virginia
* lumber and pitch (tar)
* looked down on by Virginia and the south

South Carolina

* large plantations
* rice is the cash crop
* largest slave population
* Charlestion