Reconstruction Ch 22-24 Quiz

Lincoln's Plan

Southern states would be admitted after 10% took an oath to be a part of the union

Radical Republicans Plan

50% of southern voters were to take oath to the union and safeguard to protect freedmen

Johnson's Plan

10% Plan but the leading Confederates couldn't vote, secession ordinances were to be repealed, Confederate debts would be repudiated, and the states must ratify the 13th Amendment

Black Codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

13th Amendment (1865)

Abolition of slavery w/o compensation for slave-owners

14th Amendment (1868)

Grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the US"; it forbids any state to deny any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of its laws." Most important law ever passed besides original Constitution and Bill of Rights. It has been the vehicle for the expansion of civil rights, women's rights, gay rights among other movements. It also allowed for the "incorporation doctrine" which means the application of the national Bill of Rights to the states.

15th Amendment (1870)

U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed

Ku Klux Klan

A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights.

Grandfather Clause

A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867.

Boss Tweed

William Tweed, head of Tammany Hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868. Between 1868 and 1869 he led the Tweed Reign, a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city. Example: Responsible for the construction of the NY court house; actual construction cost $3million. Project cost tax payers $13million.

Credit Mobilier Scandal

This scandal occurred in the 1870s when a railroad construction company's stockholders used funds that were supposed to be used to build the Union Pacific Railroad for railroad construction for their own personal use. To avoid being convicted, stockholders even used stock to bribe congressional members and the vice president.

Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river

Jim Crow Laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

Plessy v. Ferguson

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

Pendleton Act

1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons

Forgettable Presidents

Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland

Vertical Integration

Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution

Horizontal Integration

Absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the same level of production and sharing resources at that level

Samuel Gompers

He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.

Election of 1868

The Republicans nominated General Grant for the presidency in 1868. The Republican Party supported the continuation of the Reconstruction of the South, while Grant stood on the platform of "just having peace."The Democrats nominated Horatio Seymour. Grant won the election of 1868.

Why was Garfield assassinated?

Charles Guiteau was upset with Garfield for overlooking him for a political job

Why were standard time zones created?

-railroad operators were worried about keeping schedules and avoiding wrecks since every town had its own local time
-created Nov 18 1883

Factors for Industrialization

pool of cheap labor through immigration, more natural resources than any other nation, rich businessmen, a government that's friendly to big businesses, and a free enterprise economy

Methods used to increase profit

Vertical and Horizontal Integration

The Freedmen’s Bureau

Reconstruction agency established in 1865 to protect the legal rights of former slaves and to assist with their education, jobs, healthcare, and land owning.

Jacob Riis

journalist and photographer known for using his talents to help those who where impoverished in New York City.

Election of 1876

The Democrats nominated Samuel J. Tilden and the Republican candidate was Rutherford B. Hayes. Tilden won more votes then Hayes but both sides claimed victory. 3 southern states two sets of electoral votes where returned. Electoral commission awarded the disputed votes to Hayes. Hayes struck deal with that promised money for southern internal improvements. The federal troops where removed from the South.

White Terror

In 1867 a group of members that where officers in the confederate army formed a group named the Ku Klux Klan

Redemption

Democrats gained power in the south and forced republicans to abandoned the freed people and their white allies in the South. Conservative Democrats won control of most of the cotton producing states and between 1873-1883 Supreme Court weekend enforcements on the 14th and 15th amendments and overturned convictions of klan members.

Redeemers

Conservative white Democrats, many of them planters or businessmen, who reclaimed control of the south following the end of reconstruction

Civil Service Reform

combating the "Boss Tweed" system and improving urban living conditions.

Andrew Carnegie

self made steel tycoon and one of the wealthiest 19th businessmen donated towards the expansion of the New York City Library

W.E.B Du Bois

was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, and editor.

Carpetbaggers

Northerners who rushed South with all their belongings in carpet bags to take advantage of chaos in the South

Cornelius Vanderbilt

was an American business magnate and philanthropist who built his wealth in railroads and shipping.

Socialism

is a variety of social and economic systems characterized by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production; as well as the political ideologies, theories, and movements that aim at their establishment.

Muckrakers

Name given to US journalists and other writers who exposed corruption in politics and business in the early 20th century. The term was first used by Theodore Roosevelt in 1906.

The Knights of Labor

1869 - wants 1 big union; for EVERY worker, skilled/unskilled, man/woman, black/white, the big goal was social reform for american society - people thought they were socialists

Tenure of Office Act

forbade the president to remove civil officials, including

members of his own cabinet, without the consent of the senate.