Info Systems Final Uiowa

Information System (IS)

A system that collects, processes, stores, and distributes data to support decision-making

IS Components

Hardware, software, data, processes, and people

Cloud Computing

Delivery of computing services over the internet

On-Premise Computing

IT infrastructure hosted and maintained locally

IaaS

Infrastructure as a Service providing servers and storage

PaaS

Platform as a Service providing development tools

SaaS

Software delivered via web browser

VPN

Encrypted connection that protects privacy and data

API

Application Programming Interface allowing systems to communicate

Structured Data

Data organized in rows and columns

Unstructured Data

Text, images, video, and emails without fixed structure

BLOB

Binary Large Object such as images or video

CLOB

Character Large Object such as text documents

Sentiment Analysis

NLP technique classifying text as positive, negative, or neutral

Word Cloud

Visual display of frequently used words

Descriptive Analytics

Explains what happened

Diagnostic Analytics

Explains why it happened

Predictive Analytics

Predicts what will happen

Prescriptive Analytics

Recommends what should be done

Storytelling with Data

Combining data and narrative to influence decisions

Chart Crimes

Misleading or poorly designed visualizations

Dashboard

Visual display of key metrics and trends

BANs

Big Ass Numbers highlighting important metrics

Benchmarking

Comparing performance to a standard

Graphicacy

Ability to understand and interpret visual data

Information Security

Protection of systems and data from harm

Data Breach

Unauthorized access to data

Data Leak

Accidental exposure of data

IT Risk

Potential loss due to IT failures or attacks

Phishing

Fake emails attempting to steal information

Smishing

Phishing via text message

Vishing

Phishing via phone call

Ransomware

Malware that encrypts data and demands payment

MFA

Multi-factor authentication using multiple verification methods

Data Governance

Policies ensuring data quality, security, and accountability

Master Data Management

Managing consistent and accurate core data

Prototyping

Early version of a system used for testing

Good GUI

Simple, consistent, and user-centered interface

Privacy by Design

Embedding privacy into systems from the start

Relational Database

Table-based database using SQL

NoSQL Database

Flexible database for unstructured data

Schema

Blueprint of database structure

Data Warehouse

Structured data optimized for reporting

Data Lake

Stores raw structured and unstructured data

ETL

Extract, Transform, Load data process

Transactional Database

Optimized for daily operations

Reporting Database

Optimized for analytics and reporting

SQL

Language used to interact with databases

SELECT

Retrieves data from a database

WHERE

Filters records based on conditions

LIKE

Searches patterns using wildcards

ORDER BY

Sorts query results

IS NULL

Tests for missing values

Programming

Giving computers exact instructions

Variable

Named storage location holding a value

Syntax

Rules governing code structure

Python

High-level programming language with simple syntax

Conditional Statement

Code that runs based on conditions

Function

Reusable block of code

Input

Data entered by the user

Output

Data displayed to the user

Artificial Intelligence

Technology that mimics human intelligence

Machine Learning

Systems that learn from data

Deep Learning

ML using neural networks

Neural Network

Model inspired by the human brain

Natural Language Processing

AI that understands human language

Generative AI

AI that creates text, images, or video

Hallucination

AI output that sounds correct but is false

Internet of Things (IoT)

Physical devices connected to the internet

Blockchain

Decentralized digital ledger

Distributed Ledger

Shared database across many nodes

Immutability

Data on blockchain cannot be changed

NFT

Unique digital asset on blockchain

Agile Methodology

Iterative and flexible project management

Waterfall Model

Linear and sequential project method

Sprint

Short development cycle in Agile

Product Backlog

Prioritized list of work

Change Agent

Person leading organizational change

Data Privacy

Responsible handling of personal data

Data Ethics

Doing the right thing with data

BYOD

Bring Your Own Device policy

Ethical AI

Fair, transparent, and unbiased AI

Deepfake

AI-generated fake media