Biology Ch. 2

Neutral atoms

________ have the same number of electrons and protons.

Ions

________: charged particle electrons change.

Catalysts

________: a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction (related to enzymes)

Acid

________- any substance that dissociates in water to increase the H+ concentration.

Inert

________: atoms outer most level is full.

Electrical attraction of water molecules

________ can disrupt forces holding ions together.

Electronegativity

________: atoms affinity for electrons.

Carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen

________ make up 96.3 % of body.

Valence electrons

________: outer most shell.

Nucleus

________ is center of an atom (DNA inside ________)

Atomic Mass

________: sum of protons and neutrons.

Cohesion

________: attraction to one another.

Buffer

________: substance that resists changes in pH, keeps pH in a certain range.

Adhesion

________: attraction to other polar molecules.

molecules

All compounds are ________ but not all ________ are compounds.

Water

________ is a good solvent: ________ can dissolve polar molecules and ions.

Electrons

________: negatively charged particles located in orbitals.

High Specific Heat

________: theres a large amt of energy required to change the temp.

Element

________: cant be broken down into another substance by ordinary means.

Oxidation

________: lose electron.

atom

If a(n) ________ has a full outer shell it is non reactive.

Polar Covalent Bonds

________: if electron sharing is unequal.

Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

________: if electron sharing is equal.

Hydrogen bonds

________ are stronger in numbers.

extent of chemical reactions

The ________ is influenced by… temperature concentration and catalysts.

Compounds

________: molecule containing more than one element.

Chemical Reactions

________ require reactants and products; formation and breaking of bonds.

Isotopes

________: atoms of a single element that possess different numbers of neutrons.

Atomic Number

________: equal to the number of protons.

Ionic bonds

________: formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions.

Radioactive isotopes

________ are unstable.

Solid water

________ is less dense than liquid water ex.

Molecule

________: group of 2 or more atoms held together in a stable association.

Atoms

________ are composed of protons neutrons and electrons.

Electrons

negatively charged particles located in orbitals

Ions

charged particle electrons change

Atomic Number

equal to the number of protons

Element

cant be broken down into another substance by ordinary means

Atomic Mass

sum of protons and neutrons

Isotopes

atoms of a single element that possess different numbers of neutrons

Oxidation

lose electron

Reduction

gain electron

valence electrons

outer most shell

Inert

atoms outer most level is full

Octet rule

must have 8

Molecule

group of 2 or more atoms held together in a stable association

Compounds

molecule containing more than one element

Ionic bonds

formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions

Covalent Bonds

form when atoms share 2 or more valence electrons

Electronegativity

atoms affinity for electrons

Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

if electron sharing is equal

Polar Covalent Bonds

if electron sharing is unequal

catalysts

a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction (related to enzymes)

Cohesion

attraction to one another

Adhesion

attraction to other polar molecules

High Specific Heat

theres a large amt of energy required to change the temp

High Heat of Vaporization

evaporation of water from a surface causes cooling

Water is a good solvent

water can dissolve polar molecules and ions

Water organizes nonpolar molecules

hydrophobic/hydrophilic

solute

solid

solvent

liquid

Acid

any substance that dissociates in water to increase the H+ concentration

Base

substance that combines with the H+ dissolved in water to lower the H+ concentration /

Buffer

substance that resists changes in pH, keeps pH in a certain range