Chem 256 exam 2

\-pyran-

six membered hemiacetal

\-furan-

five membered hemiacetal

hemiacetal

a carbonyl (C=O) reacted with an alcohol

acetal

a carbonyl (C=O) reacted with two alcohols

beta position

same side as terminal

alpha position

opposite side of the terminal

D position

on the chiral center at the lowest position, the OH is on the right side

L position

on the chiral center at the lowest position, the OH is on the left side

carboxylic acid suffix

\-oic acid

aldehyde suffix if higher priority

\-al

aldehyde prefix if lower priority

oxo-

ketone suffix if higher priority

\-one

ketone prefix if lower priority

oxo-

alcohol suffix if higher priority

\-ol

alcohol prefix if lower priority

hydroxy-

function group priorities

carboxylic acid, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, amino

formaldehyde

H connected to aldehyde

formic acid

H connected to carboxylic acid

acetaldehyde

CH3 connected to aldehyde

acetic acid

CH3 connected to carboxylic acid

grignard reagent

RMgX

organolithium reagent

RLi

nucleophilic attack

Nucleophile (+) attacks electrophile (-)

loss of leaving group reaction

a nucleophile (-) leaves to make the reaction more stable