eyes and ears conditions

eye drops vs ear drops

eye drops can be used in the ears but ear drops cannot be used in the eyes

1 drop

0.05mL

what to do with gel

invert and shake once

glaucoma is a disease of the eyes that

results in damage to the optic nerve and loss of the visual field meaured ny visual field test

goal of treatment of glaucoma

to reduce intraocular pressure

most common type of glaucoma

open angle

what is closed angle glaucoma

IOP suddenly increases due to a blockage. medical emergency that is treated sugically

drugs that increase IOP

anticholinergics (antihistamines, oxybutynin, tolterodine, benztropine, scopolamine, trihexyphenidyl, tricyclic antidepressants)

decongestants (sudafed)

chronic steroids

topiramate

how to glaucoma treatments work

targetting the aqueous humore (fluid in the eye)

what is the most effective treatment for glaucoma

prostaglandin analogs. they are used once daily

when is beta blocker preferred for glaucoma

if the IOP is high in one eye only

which drugs reduce aqeuous humor production

beta blocker, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (dorzolamide)

which drugs increase aqeous humor outflow

prostaglandin analog

both with add on treatment

alpha2 agonist

bimatoprost brand name

lumigan

latanoprost brand name

xelpros, xalatan

travoprost brand name

travatan z

bimatoprost brand name

latisse

bimatoprost is approved for

eyelash gwoth and should not be used with prostaglandin analogs indicated for glaucoma

when are the prostaglandin analogs taken

1 drop QHS

prostaglandin analogs warnings and SE

darkening of the iris, and eyelashes, eyelash length and number can increase, blurred vision, stinging, increased prigmentation of iris.

latanoprost storage

stored in the fride before opening

timolol brand name

timoptic, timoptic XE, Istalol

timolol + dorzolamide

cosopt

how is timolol taken

1 drop daily or BID

timolol side effects

burning, stinging, bradycardia/fatigue, bronchospasm

cholinergices (carbachol and pilocarpine) se

pupil constriction

acetazolamide is used for

acute mountain (altitude) sickness

conjunctivitis prevention

avoid touching their eyes

use proper hand hygeine and wash hands sthoughly

change towels and washcloths daily

discard eye cosmetics

viral cause of conjunctivitis

adenovirus

bacterial cause of conjunctivitis

staph aureus, more severe cases caused by neisseria or chlamydia

topicsl antibiotic eye drops or ointments for conjunctivities

moxifloxacin (vigamox0

neomycin/polymyxin b/dexamethasone (maxitrol)

ofloxacin (ocuflox)

trimethoprim/polymyxin b (polytrim

aazithromyxin (azasite0 - store in the fridge, stable for 14 days at room temperature

allergic conjunctivitis treatment

common allergens

antihistamines (azelastine and oloptadine)

antihistamine/mast cell stabilizer (ketotifen- alaway, zaditor)

mast cell stabilizer- cromolun

blepharitis (eyelid inflammation) treatment

use warm moist cloth to wipe away debris

inflammation

reduced with cold compress and NSAID eye drop if mild

steroid eye drop if severe

how long should you wait before inserting contact lenses after an eye drop

15 minutes

what preservative is found in a lot of eye drops and causes burning

benzalkinum chloride

prednisolone brand name

pred forte, pred mild

ketorolac brand name

acular

what eye drops is used for eye dryness

refresh

systane

also known as artificial tears

chronic dry eye disease drug

cyclosporine (restasis)

redness drug

naphazoline (clear eyes redness relief)

nephazoline/pheniramine (naphcon A, visine A)

tetrahydrozoline (visine)

drugs that cause retinal chamges/retinopathy

chloroquine

hydroxychloroquine

drugs that cause optic neuro[athy

amioarone

ethambutol

linezolid

intraoperative floppy iris syndrome; causes difficulty in cataract surgery

alpha blockers (tamsulosin)

color discrimination

digoxin- yellow/green vision

PDE5 inhibitors- greenish tinge around objects

voriconazole- color vision changes

abnormal vision/loss

digoxin (with toxicity)- halos, blurriness

pde5i- vision loss

isotretinoin- reduced night vision

topiramate-visual field effects

vigabatrin- permanent vision loss

voriconazole- abnormal vision, photophobia

mild otitis externa treatment

acetic acid and a glucocorticoid (VoSol HC)

common antibiotics for otitis externa include

cipro +dexamethasone (ciprodex)

what is used for ear wax

carbamide peroxide (debrox)

ommon ear conditions

tinnitus (drug toxicity

cerumen