history struggle for freedom 2

abhayas kar!!!

rowlatt act?

The Rowlatt Act was a legislation enacted in 1919 by the British colonial government in India that allowed for the arrest of anyone without a warrant and imprisonment of individuals without trial. Also known as black act.

Khalifat and the non-cooperation movement

The growing antagonism of indians towards british led to khalifat and non cooperation movement.

turkey was defeated by England in the First World War, and the powers of khalifa was reduced. this angered the indian muslims as khalifa was the religious head of musims in the world. The Khalifat movement was organised under the Ali brothers (Shaukat Ali and Mohammad Ali) to persuade the British government and to undo the justice done to Turkey. Leaders like Abdul Kalam and Hasrat Mohani also joined the movement.

lucknow session

witnessed another important development, unity among the radical nationalists and early nationalist this bought about a wave of eagerness among the Indians. The struggle for freedom was strengthened.

they joined the struggle and united against a common enemy, the British. The Muslims and the Congress came closer.

The civil disobedience movement started on 12 March 1930 when ghandiji marched from his Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi. He carried 78 followers to break the salt law. Ghandiji defied the law by picking up a handful of salt formed by the evaporation of seawater.

Women also participated in this movement. The movement spread till NWFP, where the movement was led by Khal Abdul Gaffar Khan, also known as frontier ghandi. The government tried to suppress the movement with a stern hand. The British declared the Congress illegal.

Violation of salt law took place all over the country followed by the refusal to pay chaukadri tax. Lacs of Indians offered satyagraha. Foreign goods were boycotted, and peasants refused to pay rent and revenue.

The forward bloc

Netaji formed another political party called as the Forward Bloc. Its formation was announced in a public rally in Calcutta. forward bloc party stood for complete independence of India

Some main objectives were:

Freedom of India from Britain

To guarantee equal rights for every person

To make and develop India as a modern state

Netaji was viewed as a great threat by Britain and hence was kept under careful surveillance. He, however, managed to escape to Russia. From there, he went to Germany and then to Japan.

The Mountbatten plan

It was announced in 3 June 1947

The country would be divided into 2 dominion parts Indiona and Pakistan.

Public decisions were to be held in the province of NWFP to determine whether the people wished to stay with the Union of India or Pakistan.

The provinces of Assam, Bengal, and Punjab were also to be divided

The states would either have an option to join Pakistan or to stay in India.on

Swadeshi And boycott movemet

The leaders were B.G. Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipan Chandra Pal the people were asked to use only Indian goods and boycott British goods. This movement spread among all sections of the population. Students and the wome also took active part in this movement, not only against. British goods but anything and everything that was under British rule. One of the main aims was to encourage Indian trade and industry.