BIOMED Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis

The creation of a protein from a DNA template.

mRNA

messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome

tRNA

transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome

rRNA

ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome

codon

A specific sequence of three bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid

anticodon

group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon

protein (polypeptides)

polymers of amino acids connected in a specific sequence

peptide bond

covalent bond formed between amino acids

Transcription

synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template that occurs in the nucleus

translation

Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced it occurs in the ribosome

AUG/methionine

start codon

Mutation

A change in a gene or chromosome.

point mutation

a mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence.

substitution

one nucleotide replaces another

Insertion

A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.

frame shift

a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read

uracil

base in RNA that pairs with adenine and replaces thymine

example of proteins

hemoglobin, mean, enzymes

peptide bonds

Covalent bonds linking amino acids in proteins.

genecist

a specialist in the field of genetics

prognosis

a prediction of the course of a disease

Mitosis

part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides

Genome

All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes.

rRNA

ribosomal RNA

amino acids

subunit of a protein

UAC

tyrosine

CCC

proline

GAU

apartic acid