RADR Exam 3

Another term for human diversity is:

independence.

social autonomy.

cultural diversity.

existentialism.

cultural diversity.

All of the following are considered cultures EXCEPT:

Hmong.

Native American.

Slovakian.

Floridian.

Floridian.

To perform effectively and compassionately as a radiologic sciences professional, it is important to understand the areas of human cultural diversity. These may include:

1. social organizations.

2. phobias.

3. symbolism.

4. space.

5. time.

6. communication.

1, 3, 4, and 6 only

1, 2, 3, and 5 only

1, 4, 5, and 6 only

2, 3, and 6 only

1, 4, 5, and 6 only

A social organization that seeks to understand and accept peoples from diverse backgrounds through policies and procedures, communication media, activities, and so on, in an effort to achieve a positive cross-cultural environment is seeking to achieve:

socialism.

cultural competency.

social autonomy.

segregation.

cultural competency

You are working as a radiographer in a small community hospital. As you get on the elevator to ride up to the cafeteria for your morning break, you are joined by a group of people who are quite vocal about the skin tone and dialect of the doctor that is taking care of one of their family members. This group inherently demonstrates a group:

consortium.

consensus.

bias.

assimilation

bias

Which of the following would not reflect a human diversity characteristic?

Handicap

Gender

Occupation

Race

occupation

As you are enjoying a light breakfast in a local coffee shop, a small group sits down at an adjacent table. As they talk, you overhear them making derogatory statements about people who are obese. Comments such as, “I can’t believe people can eat so much!” and “How can they let themselves get that way?” are typical of the conversation. One group member openly states, “Why can’t they be like us; fit and trim?” This group is demonstrating:

ethnocentrism.

assimilation.

biculturalism.

racism.

ethnocentrism

According to the 2000 U.S. Census more than 36% of the population was 45 years old and older. This age-class of citizens represents a very large population that will have a significant impact on the country with regard to economics, politics, health care, employment, and so on. This group is collectively referred to as _____, and the country will undoubtedly change in many ways to accommodate these valued members of society.

Generation X citizens

Generation Y citizens

baby boomers

postwar citizens

baby boomers

It is safe to conclude that in the years ahead, the U.S. population will:

become less ethnically diverse.

demonstrate a younger average age.

require a more diverse health care labor force.

become more of a single linguistic society.

require a more diverse health care labor force.

In the process of preparing a Hmong patient for an interventional procedure, you discover the patient speaks no English. She has no family members with her and was escorted down by hospital transport. A necessary part of the examination is for the patient to complete an informed consent document. An effective strategy you could use to accomplish this would be:

speaking slowly and deliberately in English and showing the patient where to sign the document.

trying to act out the intent of the document through demonstration and modeling.

asking a co-worker to witness your explanation of the document and the patient’s signature.

delaying the procedure until a hospital translator can be present during the explanation.

delaying the procedure until a hospital translator can be present during the explanation.

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 provides for all of the following conditions EXCEPT:

employees must speak English and understand the nature of disability.

legal protection against discrimination because of physical or mental disability.

institutions must make reasonable accommodations for all individuals.

guarantees basic human rights to persons with a disability

employees must speak English and understand the nature of disability.

The commitment to cultural diversity is an integral part of the medical imaging profession as evidenced by official position statements from the American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT). In a continuing effort to broaden the profession’s human diversity, a well-known student scholarship is available, known as the _____ Scholarship.

Ed Jerman Merit

GE Minority Merit

Royce Osborne Minority Student

Clarence Dally Diversity

Royce Osborne Minority Student

To protect the human rights of people with disabilities, four essential core values of human rights were recognized by the 1993 Vienna Declaration for Human Rights. These core values are:

freedom of speech, assembly, vote, and travel.

solidarity, dignity, autonomy, and equality.

religion, expression, employment, and education.

integrity, justice, due process, and appeal.

solidarity, dignity, autonomy, and equality.

For a medical imaging department manager, reasonable efforts to improve human diversity in the department would include all of the following EXCEPT:

multilingual signage throughout the department.

requiring staff to attend diversity in-services.

participating in an effective resource pool of interpreters.

requiring all department employees to speak a second language.

requiring all department employees to speak a second language.

A native born Latino individual who has moved to the United States and successfully blended into local community activities, such as work, church, school, and volunteering, without losing his native culture demonstrates:

identity.

biculturalism.

assimilation.

ethnocentrism.

biculturalism

Valuable traits of the U.S. mainstream culture include which of the following?

1. Strong work ethic

2. Efficiency

3. Travel and mobility

4. Tolerance and patience

5. Individualism

6. Capitalism

7. Competition

1, 2, 4, and 6 only

1, 3, 4, 5, and 7 only

1, 2, 5, and 7 only

2, 4, 5, 6, and 7 only

1, 2, 5, and 7 only

It is illegal to deny an individual the opportunity to advance professionally through employment because of:

gender.

technical skills.

daycare needs.

personal hygiene.

gender

The irrational fear of a homosexual person’s sexual orientation is referred to as:

heterosexuality.

uni-sexuality.

homophobia.

homogeneosity

homophobia

An ethnic group that would place a cultural core value on the sacredness of the earth and its waters, clean air, wildlife, and foliage would most likely be:

Native American.

Latino.

Mexican American.

European American

Native America

A person’s hair color and texture as well as his or her skin condition would be an example of what area of human diversity?

Social organizations

Communication

Biologic variations

Environmental control

Biologic variations

All of the following are nonverbal communication characteristics EXCEPT your:

tone of voice.

body language.

amount of eye contact.

none of the above.

none of the above.

A patient who is near death will likely exhibit what signs of impending death?

1. Loss of bowel functions and control

2. State of unconsciousness

3. Unusual high level of alertness and response to conversation

4. A condition of “wasting away” (cachexia)

1 and 3 only

1, 2, and 4 only

3 only

2 only

1, 2, and 4 only

Which of the following affects communication?

Values

Perception

Emotions

All of the above

All of the above

You have received a request to perform a radiographic study on a patient who is clearly intoxicated. In preparing to perform this procedure, you should:

close all the examination room doors to prevent others from hearing the patient’s language.

put on a patient gown in case the patient vomits on you.

ensure your safety by checking to see that the hospital security officer will stay with the patient during the procedure.

prepare patient restraint devices, including restraint jackets, and tape in order to hold him down during the procedure.

ensure your safety by checking to see that the hospital security officer will stay with the patient during the procedure

The dying patient who wants to stay alive long enough to see his son graduate from college would be in what stage of the dying process?

Denial

Depression

Anger

Bargaining

Bargaining

When dealing with a patient who has a terminal disease, it is important to:

interact with him or her based on his or her particular stage of death.

provide for his or her physical needs.

not play psychologist and attempt to cure the patient’s depression.

do all of the above.

do all of the above.

Man’s first and foremost need is:

being accepted by peers.

succeeding at job or work.

shelter and protection from outside enemies.

nourishment and water.

nourishment and water

All of the following are forms of subjective patient data EXCEPT:

blood pressure and temperature.

patient facial expressions.

patient mood or demeanor.

patient complaints of pain and tenderness in a generalized region of the body.

blood pressure and temperature.

When communicating with a young child as part of a radiographic examination, an effective strategy to communicate would be to:

1. kneel down to the child’s eye level and lower your voice.

2. speak loudly and quickly so the child knows you’re in charge.

3. allow one of the younger radiographers in the department to perform the study.

4. speak exclusively to the parent so the child cooperates.

1 and 3 only

1 only

3 only

2 and 4 only

1 only

When working with an elderly patient:

speak slowly and clearly, and ask for understanding and feedback.

write down your instructions first for the patient to read.

give the patient breathing instructions while you’re positioning him or her, in order to hasten the procedure.

assume the patient can see and hear you clearly, and move quickly and deliberately in order to get done.

speak slowly and clearly, and ask for understanding and feedback.

When dealing with a, terminally ill patient, which of the following would seem most appropriate?

Telling the patient he might as well face reality

Joyously moving around the room trying to cheer him up

Politely working in silence as necessary and attending to his physical needs

All of the above

Politely working in silence as necessary and attending to his physical needs

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, few people completely satisfy the need for:

shelter, peace, and protection.

self-fulfillment and self-actualization.

food, water, and nutrients.

acceptance by peers.

self-fulfillment and self-actualization.

When radiographing a very young child or a mentally impaired patient:

work silently in order to avoid questions and alarming the patient.

ask the patient if he or she has ever had this type of procedure before

try and get a family member to be a part of the examination for communication and reassurance.

speak loudly and take charge of the examination from the beginning.

try and get a family member to be a part of the examination for communication and reassurance.

A common emotion of most patients entering the hospital is:

optimism.

fear of the unknown and about their condition.

eagerness to meet new people.

insincerity.

fear of the unknown and about their condition.

A dying patient who has asked to see his loved ones and is making preparations to die would be in the _____ stage of dying.

anger

bargaining

grief

preparatory depression

preparatory depression

Which of the following is an example of a negative nonverbal communication technique?

Giving a pleasant smile

Maintaining eye contact

Leaning toward the patient when talking to him or her

Talking to the patient with your back turned as you record in the chart

Talking to the patient with your back turned as you record in the chart

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Non–English-speaking patients typically understand simple phrases and commands such as "Yes," "No," and "Stop."

Pediatric patients always require special attention.

To minimize feelings of alienation, it is useful to treat geriatric patients as adolescents in order to make them understand your instruction

Dealing with mentally impaired patients often requires the technologist use a strong yet reassuring tone of voice.

To minimize feelings of alienation, it is useful to treat geriatric patients as adolescents in order to make them understand your instruction

A(n) _____ is someone who has been admitted to the hospital for diagnostic studies or treatment.

inpatient

outpatient

medical resident

intern

inpatient

The cadence and rhythm of your speech, often referred to as the “music of speech,” is known as:

nonverbal communication.

paralanguage.

therapeutic communication.

negative therapeutic communication

paralanguage

Touch can be an effective communication strategy when dealing with patients for medical examinations. As you ask a patient to turn on his or her side for an oblique projection, you gently touch his or her hip or shoulder to guide them into the correct position. This would be a type of touch for:

emotional support.

emphasis.

palpation.

expression.

emphasis

Aging is a natural part of living. As you work with older patients it is important to empathize with their condition and understand the physiologic changes of the aging process. These changes may include:

1. always feeling cold.

2. a heightened state of mental alertness and memory.

3. a greater awareness of their surroundings.

4. a loss of tactile sensation in fingertips.

5. a greater likelihood of skin damage during movement and transport.

6. less flexibility and joint mobility.

1, 3, 4, and 6 only

1, 4, 5, and 6 only

2, 3, and 5 only

4, 5, and 6 only

1, 4, 5, and 6 only

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, the customary stages of the dying or grieving process in the typical sequence are:

acceptance, denial, depression, anger, bargaining.

denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance.

anger, denial, bargaining, depression, acceptance.

denial and isolation, anger, depression, bargaining, acceptance

denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

As a patient begins to accept the inevitability of death, he or she may ask to discuss important circumstances that will affect the last moments of life. These concerns may include the administration of CPR techniques, organ donation, internment plans, pain control and sedation, and so on. To formalize these wishes, patients will complete a(n):

will and testimonial.

death directive.

advanced directive.

postmortem.

advanced directive.

Professional medical imaging personnel must possess many desirable traits and skills. To succeed in patient interactions as a part of performing examinations, it is important that the radiographer:

avoid touching patients for fear of offending them.

work efficiently by minimizing small conversations with patients that slow down the procedure.

reference procedure notes or textbooks often during examinations to reassure the patient that the radiographer is double-checking his or her work for safety reasons.

do none of the above.

do none of the above.

The use of humor during radiographic procedures can be effective with patients, if used professionally and under the right circumstance. An example of correct use of humor would be:

repeating an ethnic joke you heard on the radio earlier in the day.

making light of the bad weather and how it “brightened your day” to have a job inside.

telling the patient you need to repeat the examination because the “mouse on the generator flywheel” didn’t run fast enough to give enough power for the exposure.

commenting on the patient’s tattoo and how funny it looks with the skin stretched from the x-ray positions.

making light of the bad weather and how it “brightened your day” to have a job inside.

When taking a patient history, it is important to:

remain very impersonal and show little emotion or empathy toward the patient.

call the patient by his or her first name to establish instant credibility.

maintain a polite and professional demeanor when gathering information.

memorize the patient’s comments to relay them to the radiologist later.

maintain a polite and professional demeanor when gathering information.

In preparing to radiograph a patient who has come to medical imaging with a complaint of abdominal pain, you begin to question the patient as part of the history. A good initial question to ask the patient would be:

“Did you have any problem with parking here at the hospital?”

“Can you tell me about the nature of your pain?”

“Your request states that you have stomach pain, is that correct?”

“Have you seen your doctor about the pain?”

“Can you tell me about the nature of your pain?”

An important piece of information regarding a patient’s need for medical care is sought by physicians and medical professionals. Many times, patients are vague about their pain or reason for seeing the doctor. It is important to discover the patient’s _____ for seeking medical care.

chief complaint

pain threshold

tolerance

insurance incentive

chief complaint

In the process of questioning a patient about the reason for having the requested x-ray examination, the patient becomes irritated and complains that “she is getting pretty tired of saying the same things over and over to all these nurses.” An effective method to deal with this patient’s attitude would be to:

call security and have her escorted back to the outpatient center receptionist.

tell her it’s not your fault she is upset and not to take it out on you.

not ask any additional questions, so as not to upset her any more.

explain that each person asking questions is trying to find additional important information about her condition.

explain that each person asking questions is trying to find additional important information about her condition

Good history taking involves the collection of objective and subjective data. All of the following are examples of subjective data EXCEPT the patient’s:

emotions.

respiratory rate.

speech pattern.

ability to follow your instructions.

respiratory rate

Objective data regarding a patient’s history:

are more important than subjective data.

deal with a patient’s feelings.

consist of a patient’s vital signs.

are an effective way to explain the patient’s pain level.

consist of a patient’s vital signs.

When asking about a patient’s pain, it is effective to:

ask the patient if the pain runs down his or her leg.

assure the patient that questions about pain offer little insight into the patient's condition.

ask the patient if the pain is in his or her abdomen.

ask the patient to point to or touch the area that hurts, and record that area on the requisition.

ask the patient to point to or touch the area that hurts, and record that area on the requisition.

When questioning patients to obtain an accurate patient history:

keep your questions general in nature so as not to offend the patient.

start with open-ended questions and then follow up with more direct inquiries.

do not let the patient talk too much, in order to keep the examination moving.

use medical “jargon” to impress the patient with your expertise.

start with open-ended questions and then follow up with more direct inquiries.

It would be inappropriate to:

repeat the patient’s comments regarding the symptoms, to keep the examination time short.

call the patient by his or her surname (preceded by Mr., Ms., or Mrs.) to establish a professional image.

ask the patient leading questions regarding his or her symptoms.

describe the patient’s symptoms to the radiologist in precise medical terms.

ask the patient leading questions regarding his or her symptoms.

As a patient begins to explain his reasons for coming to the clinic for an x-ray examination, he begins to use medical terms to describe his conditions. His information appears to be accurate medically and helps clarify his symptoms. To deal with this patient you should:

politely listen, record his comments, and repeat his statements to clarify.

ask him if he is a doctor and tell the radiologist.

determine if he knows what he is talking about by quizzing him on basic anatomy.

disregard his information and record your impressions of his symptoms.

politely listen, record his comments, and repeat his statements to clarify.

Which of the following is not one of the sacred seven of medical histories?

Severity

Birth date

Onset

Chronology

birth date

In determining a patient’s description of his or her pain, a good question to ask would be:

“How would you describe the pain?”

“When did the pain first happen?”

“If the pain comes and goes, how often does it occur and what is the time span between occurrences?”

all of the above questions.

all of the above questions.

An imaging sciences professional:

relates his or her personal experiences to the patient’s when taking a history.

uses “pet names” such as “dear,” “cutie,” and “honey” in order to encourage the patient to provide more intimate information about his or her condition.

relies exclusively on objective patient data so as not to bias the patient history.

does none of the above.

does none of the above

On a patient’s examination requisition for a KUB, you notice that the history recorded by ER states “R/O appendicitis.” In an effort to gain more precise information about the patient’s condition, questions to ask that would be important to this examination (KUB) would be:

1. “How would you describe the pain?”

2. “Have you had previous appendix surgery?”

3. “Do you know if ER called in a sonographer?”

4. “Can you touch the area that specifically hurts?”

5. “Are you sure it’s not your kidneys?”

6. “Does the pain appear to be in your appendix?”

1, 3, 4, and 6 only

1 and 4 only

2, 3, 5, and 6 only

1 only

1 and 4 only

Most radiologists have one key question they want answered when it relates to any medical imaging examination. That question most likely would be:

Why is the patient having this examination?

What pain level is the patient tolerating?

Can the patient tell you what day it is and what hospital he or she is visiting?

Is there a reason for coming to the hospital rather than an outpatient clinic?

Why is the patient having this examination?

In recording a patient history for the radiologist, you note that the patient has an open sore on her ankle. In your description you indicate that the sore is draining and has a foul odor. This information deals with the _____ of a patient history.

quality

chronology

logic

onset

quality

As you prepare to take a PA chest radiograph on a patient who is suspected of having a lung collapse, you note that the patient has an extremely difficult time taking in a deep inspiration. An imaging sciences professional would:

make no mention of the breathing pattern, as it has no relationship to a lung collapse.

work very quickly and not bother with any additional patient history.

record the depth of inspiration as an item of subjective data.

call inhalation therapy to measure the inspiration with a spirometer.

record the depth of inspiration as an item of subjective data

As you perform a STAT skull series on a patient from the ER, you notice that the patient has a large swelling over his left temporal region. The patient requisition states that the patient had trauma, and nothing else is provided. An imaging sciences professional would:

give the patient an ice pack to lessen the swelling before the exposure is taken.

call the ER nurse to ask if he or she saw the swelling and recorded it in the patient’s electronic medical record (EMR).

ask the ER nurse to come to the x-ray room for a more accurate patient history.

record the swelling on the requisition and ask the patient what kind of injury he experienced.

record the swelling on the requisition and ask the patient what kind of injury he experienced.

It would be professionally appropriate for the imaging professional to:

gently touch the patient to clarify the location of his or her pain.

touch the patient with varying degrees of pressure to measure the patient’s pain tolerance over the area of interest.

ask the patient to give you a general idea of the area of concern before the examination is started.

aggressively palpate the patient on the regions that do not hurt to isolate the area of interest

gently touch the patient to clarify the location of his or her pain

The patient coming to you for an abdominal examination states, “My belly hurts.” A logical question to ask next would be:

“Can you touch the area of your belly that hurts?”

“Can you draw on a diagram of the human body the area that hurts?”

“Did you tell the nurse this when you were in the Urgent Care center?”

“Would you point to the area that hurts for the radiologist when he enters the examination room?”

“Can you touch the area of your belly that hurts?

The purpose of a patient transfer is to:

make arrangements for the patient to be moved to another nursing unit.

safely move a patient from one area to another.

provide for the patient's hospital bill to be deducted from his or her banking institution.

make delivery arrangements for the patient's personal belongings.

safely move a patient from one area to another.

When moving a patient from a cart to the radiographic table, it would be appropriate to:

ask the patient how much they can help with the transfer.

wrap the patient up in a sheet and roll him or her over completely.

allow the patient to safely help with the transfer as much as he or she is able.

do both a and c.

do both a and c

According to the U.S. Department of Labor, one of the most common work-related injuries resulting in lost work time and disability is:

carpal tunnel syndrome.

torn rotator cuff injury.

back injury.

torn knee meniscus.

back injury.

Mobility muscles differ from stability muscles in that:

stability muscles are located in the knees and ankles.

mobility muscles are located in the arms and legs.

stability muscles are involved in digestion and body homeostasis.

mobility muscles provide postural support.

mobility muscles are located in the arms and legs.

A sudden drop in a patient’s blood pressure caused by standing or sitting upright is called:

hypertension.

anemia.

orthostatic hypotension.

postural emesis

orthostatic hypotension

When lifting patients it is important to:

lift with your back and save your leg strength.

twist at the waist to improve your center of gravity.

avoid using a transfer belt, in order to prevent abdominal cramping.

keep your back stationary and lift with your legs.

keep your back stationary and lift with your legs.

All of the following are true of good lifting mechanics EXCEPT:

do most of the lifting with your legs and keep your back stationary.

extend your reach beyond the center of gravity to broaden your arm coverage.

stand with your feet far apart to broaden your base of support.

ensure your center of gravity is over your base of support.

extend your reach beyond the center of gravity to broaden your arm coverage.

When transferring a patient from a wheelchair to a radiographic table:

position the wheelchair at a 90-degree angle to the table.

allow the patient to help with the transfer if it is safe and he or she is capable of doing so.

do not let the patient do any weight-bearing movements.

break the transfer into a series of simultaneous movements and commands.

allow the patient to help with the transfer if it is safe and he or she is capable of doing so.

You have received a patient from the nursing floor who needs to be transferred by way of a hydraulic lift. The patient arrives to medical imaging on a cart without a transfer sling. To proceed with a safe lift you should:

set the patient up in a transfer sling.

roll the patient over onto a transfer sling.

improvise using a sheet as a transfer sling.

call the nursing floor and return the patient to be placed on a sling.

call the nursing floor and return the patient to be placed on a sling.

When positioning a patient in a rolling motion transfer:

always move the patient toward you.

ask the patient which way he or she wants to be rolled.

roll the patient toward his or her weak side

never roll a patient, as it creates postural hypotension.

always move the patient toward you.

If a patient cannot assist with a cart-to-table transfer:

a draw sheet or transfer assist device should be used.

ask one other colleague to help you do the lifting.

disregard the transfer and do a portable examination with the patient on the cart.

none of the above are appropriate.

a draw sheet or transfer assist device should be used.

When transferring patients for medical imaging procedures, communication is an essential component of a safe and efficient transfer. Which of the following is not a recommended communication strategy to achieve a safe transfer?

Call the nursing floor to learn of the patient’s mobility.

During the transfer, try and stay quiet so as not to alarm the patient.

Ask the patient how much he or she can assist with the movement.

Ask the patient if he or she has been moved recently, and how the experience went.

During the transfer, try and stay quiet so as not to alarm the patient

All of the following are related EXCEPT:

assisted standing pivot.

standby assist.

log roll assist.

hydraulic lift.

log roll assist

After successfully completing a safe hydraulic lift of a large patient, the imaging professional should:

remove the transfer sling and send it to laundry for cleaning.

keep the patient in the hydraulic lift and return him or her to the floor.

return the patient in a wheelchair with the transfer sling under the patient.

return the patient to the floor on a cart with the sling draped alongside the cart.

return the patient in a wheelchair with the transfer sling under the patient.

When moving a patient to or from a stretcher:

have the patient hold the stretcher from moving.

lock the stretcher securely against the examination table.

prop a wheelchair against the end of the cart.

protect the stretcher with woolen blankets.

lock the stretcher securely against the examination table.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

When lifting someone or something, stand as close as possible to whatever you’re lifting.

Keep your feet very wide apart and your back arched when lifting.

When working with cardiac patients it is safe to let them help you until they become exhausted.

When lifting a stack of heavy grid cassettes from the floor to a counter, it is advisable to use your arm muscles because they are stronger than those of the thigh.

When lifting someone or something, stand as close as possible to whatever you’re lifting.

As you enter a patient’s room to perform a portable examination you notice the patient sleeping on her side with one leg over the other with the knees bent. This patient is in the _____ position.

Fowler’s

supine

Sims’

None of the above is correct.

None of the above is correct.

When performing a two-person lift of a patient from a wheelchair, it is important to:

ask the patient to put his or her arms up over his or her head.

lift the patient with his or her knees bent

bend over from the back and lift the patient’s legs with your partner.

lift the patient as a unit, with his or her arms crossed and legs straight.

lift the patient as a unit, with his or her arms crossed and legs straight.

As you raise a cardiac patient from a supine position on the radiographic table:

you must look for signs of orthostatic hypotension.

continually communicate with the patient to check his or her status.

raise the patient slowly and steadily.

do all of the above.

do all of the above

For efficient and safe patient transfers and handling, the imaging professional should:

use mobility muscles for posture.

use red postural muscles for support.

narrow the stance and stand on tiptoes for flexibility.

keep the knees straight and taut and lift from the shoulders.

use red postural muscles for support.