Musculoskeletal

What are the four motions of the vertebral column?

What are the four motions of the vertebral column?

Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Rotation

What is the largest joint in the body?

Knee

What age does the longitudinal growth closure occur for long bones?

Around age 20

What is the order for physical examination of for musculoskeletal system?

Inspection, palpation, range of motion

Why do older woman break bones easily?

Less estrogen

At which point in fetal development does a scale model of cartilage develop?

3 months, 4 months, 7 months, 1 month

What cranial nerve does the shoulder shrug test for?

(CN XI, 12 Accessory)

What are the specialized growth plates t the end of long bones?

(Epiphyses)

A patient demonstrates fibrous joints. What do you expect to see?

Inability to move affect joint

What does a higher BMD (bone material density) indicate?

Denser bones

At what age does the last closure of the epiphyses take place?

age 16, age 20, age 25, age 12

When is a DXA scan recommended?

Females age 65+ and postmenopausal

What is an excess outward curvature of the spine, causing hunch back called?

Kyphosis

How would you check for congenital dislocation in an infant's hips?

Ortolani's Maneuver

What structure connects bone to bone

Ligaments

What structure in the knee gives anterior and posterior stability and helps control stability ?

Cruciate

What tests the integrity of cranial nerve V (trigeminal nerve)

Ask patient to move a jaw forward and laterally against the resistance.

Which articulations make up the elbow joint? (Select all apply)?

Humorous, Radius, Ulna

What type of joint is the hip?

ball and socket with wide range of motion

What is the Cruciate?

gives anterior and posterior stability on rotation

What does Collateral ligaments do?

Give medial and lateral stability to prevent dislocation

The ankle is what type of joint?

Hinge joint with limited flexion and extension

Bones store what to things?

Calcium and Phosphorus

A low BMD would indicate what?

predictor for hip and vertebral factures

Subjective data for Musculoskeletal (Joints)?

Pain, stiffness, swelling, heat, redness, limitation

What is a spinal bifida?

neural tube defect of the spinal cord

What do we want to ask pregnant women about with the musculoskeletal assessment?

Labor and delivery information

What is a bilateral comparision?

comparing one arm to another

If there is limitation in ROM then what do you do?

Gently use passive ROM

How to test for muscle strength

repeat motions on arms and hands using a 0-5 range scale

In a health individual how would the TMJ sound?

Audible and palpable snap or click occurs when mouth opens

You would not compare shoulders if you suspected ?

Neck trauma

When examining shoulders what should you look for?

Atrophy, Swelling, Heat, or tenderness

When examining the elbow what do you look for?

Olecranon bursa and the normally present hollow on either side of olecranon process

What is a Phalen test?

Acute flexion of wrist produces numbness and burning if positive

What is a Tinel Sign?

Percussion of the median nerve produces burning and tingling if positive

What should ROM for hip look like?

Smooth, even gait reflects equal leg lengths and functional hip motion

What is observed in swelling of knee? What sign?

Buldge sign and Ballottement of Patella to distinguish soft tissue swelling.

What is a McMurray's

Used if a meniscal tear is suspected

What is Lordosis?

pronounced lumbar curve seen in obese people

What do you assess with the spine?

Look for flexion of at least 75-90 degrees, and smoothness and symmetry of movement

Whats a left leg lift?

Cyactica

What is the ortolani's maneuver?

Check the hips for congenital dislocation

What is the Allis test?

Used to check for hip dislocation by comparing leg lengths

What is bowlegged?

knees are twisted out

What is knock knees

genu valgum

What are the two common abnormalities affecting the joints (Inflammatory)

Rheumatoid Arthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitis

What are the two common degenerative conditions

Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis

What is Adhesive capsulitis?

Frozen shoulder

Osgood- Schlatter disease

Inflammation or irritation of the tibial tissue

What is talipes equinovarus?

(Clubfoot)

What is Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Widespread musculoskeletal pain greater than 3 months

Fibromyalgia is more prevalent in

women then men