Vcert Health and Fitness - Skeletal System

How many bones on axial skeleton ?

80 bones

Where are the bones in the axial skeleton ?

Bones of the head,neck,chest and back(on the inside part of skeleton)

How many bones in the appendicular skeleton ?

126 bones

Where are the bones in the appendicular skeleton ?

Made up of the upper and lower limbs(on the outside part of skeleton)

What are the five types of bones ?

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

What is a long bone ?

a bone that is longer than it is wide for gross movement

Name one long bone in the body

humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula

What is a short bone ?

a bone that is as wide as they are long for fine movement

Name one short bone in the body

carpals or tarsals

What is a flat bone ?

a bone that has a flat broad surface for protection

Name one flat bone in the body

scapula or cranium

What is a irregular bone ?

a bone that has a specific shape and its functions are all unique

Name an irregular bone in the body

Vertebrate - allows various degrees of movement and flexibility

What is a sesamoid bone?

a bone that is embedded in a tendon or muscle for relieving stress on muscles

Name a sesamoid bone in the body

patella

Functions of the skeleton

Shape

Blood cell production

Movement

Mineral storage

Support

Protection

Shape

gives our body shape (e.g how wide or tall we are)

Blood Cell Production

produce RBC & WBC in marrow

Movement

skeleton is jointed so we move with our muscles(muscle contraction)

Mineral Storage

minerals stored in bones (e.g calcium,minerals help to repair)

Support

holds internal organs in place when playing sport

Protection

protects vital organs from damage

Just memorise where they are:

What is a joint ?

where 2 or more bones meet

What is flexion ?

decreasing the angle of a joint

What is extension ?

Increasing the angle of a joint

What is adduction ?

moving limbs toward the midline

What is abduction ?

moving limbs away from the midline

What is rotation ?

a circular movement around a joint or movement around an axis/fixed point

What is plantar flexion?

pointing toes down/away from body

What is dorsi flexion ?

pointing toes towards body

What is circumduction ?

limb moves in a circular direction

What are the types of joints ?

Fixed,slightly movable and synovial

What is a synovial joint ?

freely movable joints(due to the synovial fluid which lubricates allowing them to move freely)

What is a ball and socket joint ?

one is ball-shaped and socket shaped and provides the widest range of movement in body.e.g shoulder and hip

What is a hinge joint ?

allows extension and flexion.e.g elbow and knee

What is a pivot joint ?

one bone juts out and fits into other bone,only rotation.e.g pelvis or neck joint

What is a gliding joint ?

Allows one bone to slide over another.e.g wrist and ankle

What is a saddle joint ?

2 bones that fit together like a rider in a saddle (allows for many movements)e.g thumb

What is a condyloid joint ?

have an oval shaped bone fitting into another bone,allows flexion,extension,left & right movement.e.g between metacarpals and phalanges

What are the parts of the synovial joint ?

cartilage, joint capsule, synovial membrane & fluid, ligaments,tendon

What does the synovial membrane do ?

secretes synovial fluid into joint capsule

What does the synovial fluid do ?

Lubricates the joint and reduces friction

What does the cartilage do ?

covers the edges of the bones to prevent friction

What does the joint capsule do ?

encloses the joint

What does a ligament do?

attaches bone to bone

What does a tendon do?

attach muscle to bone

What are the types of ligaments ?

posterior cruricate ligament,anterior cruciate ligament,medial collateral ligament,lateral collateral ligament,

Just memorise vertebrae - remember made of 33 bones

Cervical(c3-c7),Thoracic(t1-t12),Lumbar(l1-l5),Sacrum(s1-s5),Coccyx - in order from top to bottom

What does posture mean ?

describe the position of the body

Why is posture important in health and fitness ?

Good posture helps prevent back ache and fatigue and a healthy spine absorbs stress from body

What are the spine curvature disorders?

Kyphosis - rounded upper back,hunch

Lordosis - spine curves inward

Scoliosis - S or C shaped curve(sideway curve)