Bio first column

Cell

Basic unit of a living organism

Tissue

Group of SIMILAR cells working together to carry out a specific function

Organ

Group of DIFFERENT tissues working together to carry out a specific function.

Organ System

Group of DIFFERENT organs working together to carry out a specific function

Lock and Key model

Substrate fits perfectly into active site

Induced fit model

Enzyme active site changes slightly as it binds to substrate.

Factors affecting Enzymes

• Temperature —> Enzyme active site changes and substrate can’t fit (denaturing) in too high or too low.

• pH level —> Enzyme active site changes and substrate can’t fit (denaturing) in too high or too low.

Proteins (Function)

Used for Growth and Repair

Carbohydrates (Function)

Provides energy for functions around the body

Lipids (Function)

Insulates body to keep warm

Carbohydrase (Location)

Small Intestine, Pancreas, Salivary Glands

Protease (Location)

Trypsin —> Small Intestine, Pepsin —> Stomach, Pancreas

Lipase (Location)

Small Intestine, Pancreas

Digestion Pathway

Mouth → Oesophagus → Stomach → Small Intestine → Large Intestine → Rectum → Anus

Mouth (Function)

Contains amylase so starts breaking starch down into glucose

Stomach (Function)

Pummels food, Kills bacteria with HCL, Pepsin breaks proteins down

Liver (Function)

Produces BIle:

• Emulsifies fats

• Neutralises Stomach Acid

Pancreas (Function)

Releases digestive enzymes

Small Intestine (Function)

• Produces digestive enzymes

• Nutrients absorbed

Large Intestine (Function)

Absorbs excess water from undigested food

Rectum, Anus (Functions)

Stores Faeces, Releases Faeces

Test for Sugars

Benedicts solution

Postive → Brick Red

Negative → Stays Blue

Test for Starch

Iodine

Postive → Blue / Black

Negative → Stays Orange

Test for Proteins

Biuret

Positive → Purple, lilac

Negative → Stays blue

Test for Lipids

Sudan III

Positive → Two Layers

Negative → One Layer