URINARY - PATHOLOGY

nocturia

frequent urination at night

dysuria

painful urination

oliguria

scanty urination

polyuria

excessive urination

anuria

no urination

azotemia

excess nitrogenous waste in the bloodstream

polydipsia

condition of much thrist

urination incontinence

inability to hold urine in the bladder

enuresis

bed-wetting

urinary retention

inability to release urine from the bladder

ketosis

abnormal condition of acid & acetones in the blood & body tissues

sediment

abnormal particles present in the urine-cells, bacteria, casts and crystals

hematuria

smoky-red color of urine caused by the present of blood

pyuria

turbid (cloudy)urine caused by presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and pus

glycosuria

sugar in the urine, a sign of diabetes mellitus and a result of hyperglycemia

pH

urine test that reflects the acidity or alkalinity of the urine

ketonuria

high levels of acids and acetones accumulate in the urine as a result of abnormal fat breakdown

bilirubinuria

dark pigment that accumulates in urine as a result of liver or gallbladder disease

specific gravity

urine test that reflects the concentration of the urine

abuminuria

leaky glomeruli can produce accumulation of protein in the urine