unit 6 1

Buboes

swollen, inflamed lymph nodes caused by Yersinia pestis infection (plague).

Septicemia

bacterial growth and toxins in the blood leading to sepsis.

Endocarditis:

infection and inflammation of the heart’s inner lining or valves.

Ischemia:

reduced blood flow that deprives tissue of oxygen.Necrosis

Necrosis

death of body tissue due to loss of blood or infection.

Gas gangrene:

tissue death caused by Clostridium perfringens producing gas and toxins.

Granulomas

masses of immune cells that form during chronic infections.

Elementary bodies

infectious form of Chlamydia trachomatis found outside host cells.

Antigenic shifts:

major genetic changes in influenza viruses creating new strains.

Antigenic drift:

small mutations in influenza virus genes causing gradual changes.

Dental caries

tooth decay caused by Streptococcus mutans producing acid.

Fecal-oral cycle

transmission route where pathogens in feces contaminate food or water and infect new hosts.

Infection

invasion and growth of pathogens in the body.

intoxication

illness caused by ingestion of microbial toxins rather than infection.

STDs

sexually transmitted diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.

STIs

sexually transmitted infections; often used interchangeably with STDs.

Salpingitis

infection of the uterine (fallopian) tubes; serious form of PID.

Yaws

skin disease caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies; not sexually transmitted.

Soft chancre

another name for chancroid, a painful genital ulcer caused by Haemophilus ducreyi.