Biomed Unit 1 Lesson 2

Manner of Death

Manner of Death

Describes the way in which a death occurs

Ex: Homicide, suicide, accidental, natural, or undetermined

Mechanism of Death

Describes the specific changes in the body that brought the cessation of life

Ex: If the cause of death is shooting, the mechanism of death might be blood loss

Cause of Death

The specific injury or disease that leads to death

Ex: Heart disease, cancer, or chronic respiratory diseases

Cardiovascular System

Comprised of the heart and blood vessels

Transports blood, oxygen and nutrients throughout the body

Pumps blood from the heart to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen, through the kidneys, which remove toxic waste, and liver which processes blood from the digestive tract.

Digestive System

Contains organs that extract nutrients from food and deliver them to the body

Hollow organs, such as the esophagus and intestines, physically pass food though the digestive tract, and solid organs, like the pancreas and gallbladder

Lymphatic System

A network of organs, tissues, vessels, and nodes that filter and circulate lymph through the body

Lymph is a clear fluid that contains a high concentration of white blood cells and plays an important role in the immune response. Extracellular fluid from veins diffuses into lymphatic vessels and eventually into lymph nodes. Lymph nodes transmit nutrients

Lymphatic tissues such as the spleen, tonsils, and thymus contain high concentrations of white blood cells and are able to identify and destroy toxins in lymph fluid.

Muscular System

Contains all muscles that connect to bones and help the body move

Movement of skeletal muscles is controlled voluntarily, enabling discrete movements such as facial expression, pinching, an grasping, as well as complex movements such as limb rotation and gait

Nervous System

Contains the brain, brainstem, and nerves

It can be divided into two structural systems; central and peripheral

This system is responsible for generating and sending electrochemical signals throughout the body. These signals enable the body to detect and respond to stimuli from the outside world

Nerve signals control most bodily functions, including sensation, movement, and metabolic and digestive processes.

Skeletal System

Contains the bones that give structure to the human body

Bones protect and support vital organs and work with muscles to help the body move

To gain strength and stability, bones and teeth must absorb nutrients, such as calcium and phosphorus, in a process called mineralization.

Mineralization occurs throughout life, but is most active during childhood and adolescence

Respiratory System

Made of all the structures that bring oxygen into the body and expel carbon dioxide

Contains two zones: the conducting zone and the respiratory zone

Urinary System

Also called the renal system

Responsible for filtering waste from the bloodstream and expelling it out of the body as urine

Parts include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

Female Reproductive System

This system contains all of the organs and structures responsible for the fertilization, gestation, and development of a fetus

Organs also produce sex hormones that start and maintain sexual development during puberty

Male Reproductive System

Organs responsible for producing testosterone, sperm, seminal fluid to protect the sperm during ejaculation, and physically enabling sperm to fetilize an egg

Endocrine System

Contains the organs and glands that produce hormones

Hormones are chemicals that are distributed throughout the body and control vital biological processes such as growth and development, metabolism, and the sleep-wake cycle.

Glaister Equation Formula

98.4 Degrees Fahrenheit - the body temp of the decedent/1.5

How is the body core temperature measured?

Rectal measurement

Algor Mortis

The change in body temperature after death

Starts approximately 30 minutea after death

Rigor Mortis

The stiffening of joints and muscles afte death

Starts approxiomately 2 hours after death

Livor Mortis

Pooling of the body following death that causes a purplish red discoloration of the skin; also referred to as lividity

Sets in 20-30 minutes after death

Independent Variable

The factor in an experiment that the researcher intentionally manipulates or changes to observe its effect

Dependent Variable

The factor that the researcher measures to see if it changes as a result of the manipulation of the independent varibale

Entomologists

People who study insets, as a career, as enthusiasts or both.

What is difference between chemical digestion and mechanical digestion?

Mechanical digestion involves physically breaking down food substances into smaller particles that efficiently undergo chemical digestion.

What is the difference between the central and peripheral nervous system?

The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body

Frontal Lobes

Control thinking, planning, organizing, problem solving, short-term memory and movement.

Parietal Lobes

Interpret sensory information, such as taste, temperature and touch.

Occipital Lobes

Process images from your eyes and link that information with images stored in memory.

Temporal Lobes

Interpreting sounds from the ears and plays a significant role in recognizing and using language.

Levels of Cell Organization Smallest to Largest

Cell-Tissue-Organ-Organ System-Whole Organism

Label 1

Aorta

Label 2

Superior Vena Cava

Label 3

Pulmonary Artery

Label 4

Pulmonary Vein

Label 5

Right Atrium

Label 6

Tricuspid Valve

Label 7

Right Ventricle

Label 8

Inferior Vena Cava

Label 9

Pulmonary Artery

Label 10

Pulmonary Vein

Label 11

Left Atrium

Label 12

Mitral Valve

Label 13

Aortic Valve

Label 14

Left Ventricle

Label 15

Aorta

Label 16

Pulmonary Valve