BACT211 Midterms: Lesson 5 - Vibrio, Aeromonas, Campylobacter and Helicobacter (Part 1)

Vibrio-Aeromonas

Commonly found in a wide variety of aquatic environments, including fresh water, brackish or estuarine water, and marine or salt water

Vibrio

Have been associated with the large epidemics and pandemics.

Vibrio

Family where Vibrio is included

Vibrionaceae

Risk of infection caused by Vibrio can be reduced by

1. Avoidance of eating raw and undercooked shellfish.

2. Avoid exposure of wounds to fresh estuarine and marine water resources.

Genera of bacteria which plays a role in Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Campylobacter

Genera of bacter which primarily causes ulcer and has been linked to gastric carcinoma

Helicobacter

Most commonly isolated species of Vibrio

1. Vibrio cholerae

2. Vibrio parahaemolyticus

3. Vibrio vulnificus

4. Vibrio alginolyticus

Factors to consider when identifying Vibrio infection

1. Recent consumption of raw seafood (especially oysters)

2. Recent immigration or foreign travel

3. Gastroenteritis with cholera-like or rice-water stools

4. Accidental trauma incurred during contact with fresh, estuarine, or

   marine water or associated products (e.g., shellfish, oyster or clam shells, fishhooks)

Microscopic Morphology of Vibrio

Asporogenous, Curved (comma) or pleomorphic gram-negative rods

Morphology of Vibrio in Broth

possess polar, sheathed flagella

Morphology of Vibrio in Solid Media

peritrichous, unsheathed flagella

What are the general characteristics of Vibrio

1. Facultative anaerobe

2. Catalase positive (except V. metschnikovii)

3. Oxidase positive (except V. metschnikovii)

4. Reduce nitrate to nitrite (except V. metschnikovii)

5. Glucose Fermenter

Result of Vibrio to Vibriostatic 0/129

Susceptible

Agent that Inhibits growth of Vibrio; used to differentiate Vibrio from other Aeromonas

Vibriostatic 0/129

What is the routine media used for culturing Vibrio?

Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose Agar (TCBS)

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE:

Statement 1: Vibrio species grow best using MAC.

Statement 2: Most species exhibit a positive string test including V. cholerae

A. Statement 1 is true

B. Statement 2 is true

C. Both statements are true

D. Both statements are false

B.

Explanation:

Vibrio species do not grow on MAC

All species of Vibrio are halophilic, except?

1. Vibrio cholerae

2. Vibrio mimicus

TRUE OR FALSE

Vibrio species are halophilic

TRUE

What are the three major subgroups of V. cholerae?

1. V. cholerae 01

2. V. cholerae 0139

3. V. cholerae non-01

considered to be the disease of major public health significance of century.

V. Cholera O1

How are V. cholerae 01 divided into different serotypes?

1. Ogawa - India

2. Inaba - Philippines

3. Hikojima - Japan

causative agent of Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera

Vibrio cholerae 01

Cholera, in acute cases, manifests as ________

severe gastroenteritis accompanied by vomiting and followed by diarrhea

A disease characterized by rice water stool, which can lead to dehydration and death

Cholera

Virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae responsible for Cholera?

Cholera toxin or Choleragen

Where is Cholera prevalent?

Bengal region of India and Bangladesh

Cause of cholera

Improperly preserved and handled foods including fish, seafood, milk, ice cream and unpreserved meat (responsible for outbreaks)

What are the types of cholera?

1. Classical

2. El Tor

Determine whether Classical or El Tor cholera based on different tests.

VP: +

El Tor

Determine whether Classical or El Tor cholera based on different tests.

Hemolytic Pattern: +

El Tor

Determine whether Classical or El Tor cholera based on different tests.

50µg Polymyxin B: S

El Tor

Determine whether Classical or El Tor cholera based on different tests.

Agglutination in Chicken RBC: +

El Tor

Determine whether Classical or El Tor type of cholera based on different tests.

Agglutination in Chicken RBC: -

Classical

Determine whether Classical or El Tor cholera based on different tests.

50µg Polymyxin B: R

Classical

Determine whether Classical or El Tor cholera based on different tests.

Hemolytic Pattern: -

Classical

Determine whether Classical or El Tor cholera based on different tests.

VP: -

Classical

Second most common Vibrio species implicated in gastroenteritis

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

a heat-stable hemolysin produced by V. parahaemolyticus that is able to lyse human erythrocytes in a special, high salt mannitol medium

Kanagawa Toxin

A special, high salt mannitol medium used to isolate V. parahaemolyticus

Wagatsuma Agar

Disease associated with V. parahaemolyticus

Summer Diarrhea

Least pathogenic Vibrio and also the most frequently isolated.

Vibrio alginolyticus

Vibrio vulnificus produces two categories of infection, which are?

1. Primary Septicemia

2. Wound infections

Transport media used for Vibrio

Carry-Blair Media

TRUE OR FALSE

Buffered Glycerol Saline is not recommended in preserving Vibrio

TRUE

What is the recommended plating media for Vibrio?

TCBS (THIOSULFATE CITRATE BILE SALT SUCROSE AGAR)

Selective plating medium for Vibrio, which Differentiates sucrose-fermenting species from non- sucrose-fermenting species.

TCBS (THIOSULFATE CITRATE BILE SALT SUCROSE AGAR)

What is the color of the colonies of an organism which ferment sucrose?

Yellow

What is the color of the colonies of an organism which does not ferment sucrose?

Green

What are the sucrose fermenter Vibrio species?

1. Vibrio cholerae

2. Vibrio alginolyticus

3. Vibrio fluvialis

4. Vibrio furnissii

5. Vibrio cincinnatiensis

6. Vibrio metschnikovii

What are the non-sucrose fermenter Vibrio species?

1. Vibrio mimicus

2. Vibrio parahaemolyticus

3. Vibrio vulnificus

4. Photobacterium damsela

What is used for enrichment of Virbio?

alkaline peptone water with 1% NaCl incubated for 5 to 8 hours at 35°C.

ALL Vibrio species are inositol fermenter EXCEPT:

1. Vibrio cincinnatiensis

2. some strains of V. metschnikovii

A test used for detecting the presence of Vibrio cholerae; they are susceptible to this agent.

Vibriostatic agent O/129

Major clinical species of Aeromonas

1. Aeromonas hydrophla

2. Aeromonas sobria

3. Aeromonas caviae

An enteric pathogen which is isolated from retail produce sources and animal meat product

Aeromonas

What are the following results of Aeromonas in different tests?

Oxidase:
Glucose Fermentation:
Gram Staining:
Motility:
Inositol:
String test:
Vibriostatic Agent 0/129:

Oxidase: +
Glucose Fermentation: +
Gram Staining: -
Motility: +
Inositol: -
Vibriostatic Agent 0/129: R

Aeromonas species which is most frequently associated with gastrointestinal infections

Aerococcus caviae

Extraintestinal infections caused b y A. caviae

septicemia, meningitis and wound infections

Most common presentation of wound infection of A. caviae

Cellulitis

Hemolytic pattern exhibited by Aeromonas

Strong B-hemolysis