fluid balance

What is the normal pH range

7.35-7.45

What is acidosis

pH less than 7.35

What is alkalosis

pH greater than 7.45

What is the main function of water

transport nutrients and waste

What is the normal daily fluid intake

2500 mL

What is the most important electrolyte for heart function

potassium

What electrolyte is mainly outside the cell

sodium

What electrolyte is mainly inside the cell

potassium

What does ADH do

retains water

What does aldosterone do

retains sodium

What is osmosis

water moves from low solute to high solute

What is diffusion

movement from high to low concentration

What is edema

fluid buildup in tissues

What is dehydration

loss of body water

What is third spacing

fluid trapped in nonfunctional areas

What is hematocrit

percentage of red blood cells

What does high hematocrit indicate

dehydration

What does low hematocrit indicate

fluid overload or anemia

What does high specific gravity indicate

dehydration

What does low specific gravity indicate

fluid overload

What is the most accurate indicator of fluid balance

daily weight

1 kg equals how much fluid

1 liter

What is the priority assessment for fluid balance

intake and output

What is the main route of fluid loss

kidneys

What are signs of dehydration

dry mouth tachycardia low BP

What are signs of fluid overload

edema crackles weight gain

What does hyperkalemia cause

cardiac arrhythmias

What is normal potassium level

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

What is normal sodium level

135-145 mEq/L

What happens in dehydration to urine output

decreases

What happens in dehydration to heart rate

increases

What is included in intake

oral IV tube feedings

What is included in output

urine vomit drainage

What is the priority intervention for dehydration

encourage fluids

Why are daily weights important

detect fluid changes early

What increases risk for dehydration

fever diuretics vomiting diarrhea

What is the nurse monitoring with labs

electrolytes and fluid status