AP World - Overview of all 9 units

5-6 main points for each unit. Intended to find the most significant or important things in each unit

Fillial piety

Relationships between different societal individuals in China.

Effect: Reinforced roles in Chinese society

Champa Rice

More efficient form of Rice, more drought resistant in addition to earlier ripening

Effect: Increased Agricultural Yield

Sufism

Mystical sect of Islam in which one seeks the direct personal experience of God

Effect: Created deeply religious and devoted Muslims.

Confucianism

Societal practice that strived for moral order,people are inherently good.

effect: Laid out the groundwork for Chinese society for the next millennium.

Significant Religious Sites

Include places like Mecca and Jerusalem, locations depicted/used in religious texts.

effect: Motivations for many religious wars in addition to religious power granted to any society that controlled them.

goat

Ibn Battuta, aka the goat, was a Islamic explorer who led many travels across eurasia

Effect: Increased how much the average educated person knew about Eurasia.

Banking houses

Opened in Europe in the middle ages for the purpose of trade

Effect: Allowed exchange of currency, thereby increasing trade

Gunpowder

Innovation spread through mongol conquest and the silk road

effect: Defined future warfare, including modern warfare.

Caravans

Groups of traders/travelers in Sahara, etc.

effect: Increased trade, safety, reliability, and reduced piracy

Diffusion of Crops

Ex. citrus from Asia to the Mediterranean

Effect: Allowed new markets to grow, also allowed the opportunity to grow crops in new environments/conditions.

Camel Saddle

Technological innovation where leather could be used to increase the rider’s comfort

effect: allowed for longer trips in addition to carrying significantly more luggage.

Devshirme

System of forced labor, mostly repressed christians

effect: Repressed the christians, in addition to extorting them

Samurai

Payed protectors of land, only able to be hired by elites due to their cost

effect: Created a classes system in China, giving the elites more power.

Divine Right

Said that a leader’s right to rule was based on the direct word/approval of god

effect:Legitimized the rule of Chinese and European rulers, among others. Also invited a way to dispose rulers through the lost of the divine right.

Ottoman tax farming system

Policy in which local rulers collected taxes from the peasants, to be given to the Sultan.

effect: Allowed for local rulers to disregard the Sultan, leading to local rule, and the eventual fall of the Ottoman system/disposal of Sultan.

Ming collecting taxes in hard currency

The ming wouldn’t collect any paper money, rather only silver

effect: Massively increased the demand for silver, while making paper money nearly worthless.

Caravel

Most popular type of Ship in ocean travel, allowing for longer and safer trips.

effect: Main ship used in the age of exploration, slave trade, and trade routes over 1450-1750

Compasses

Technological in Navigation technology

effect: Allowed sailors to effective sail the seas, creating stability, reliability, and efficiency in exploration and trade

Pigs

Massive food source around the world in addition to being sacred to Muslims

effect: Increased world population, while also increasing tensions between Muslim vs. non muslim.

Swahili Arabs

Trading cities on the Swahili coast, similar to Omanis, Gujaratis, and Javanese.

Effect: Significant power in the region, main power opposing european expansion at the time.

Muslims vs. Europeans in Indian Ocean

Omanis pushed the Portuguese out of the Indian Ocean

effect: Removed a significant power, in addition to acting as a shock to unchecked European power.

Jews in the Ottoman Empire

Ottomans accepted Jews into the Ottoman empire, though they were still different from the Muslim majority

effect: acted as a place of refuge to jew fleeing Christian persecution.

“A Vindication of the Rights of Woman”

Published work in 1792 showing flaws in education and law

effect: Laid out tenants of equal rights for women.

Seneca Falls Conference

Birthplace of American Feminism

effect: Launched the Woman’s suffrage movement, establishing the presence of feminism in the US.

German/Italien Unifications

Similar events, unifying the German and Italian worlds respectively

effect: Increased central power for these powers, in addition to creating larger political entities.

Chinese Banking corporations

Emerged to fill the gap in financial services between Chinese and European traders

effect: Increased economic growth, creating wealthier states

Calls for independence

In States such as New Zealand, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.

effect: often led to revolutionary movements in their respective countries

Enlightenment Ideas

Ideas that man has certain unalienable rights

Effect: MASSIVE effects, leading to revolutions, new political movements/parties/identities, and significant events such as the American and French Revolutions

Congo

Agreed upon to be given as person possession to King Leopold II of Belgium

effect: Buffer power for major nations of Europe, in addition to the atrocities that Leopold would commit against the people of the Congo.

Transfer from company to country

country for the Dutch and English East India companies, they were converted toofficial properties of their respective governments

effect: gave more power to the governments of said countries.

Natural Resources from colonies

Diamonds from Botswana, guano from Chile, Pam oil from West Africa, etc.

effect: Gave materials to the mother country to refine into valuable secondary products, leading to massive economic growth.

Migration of Workers

Migrant workers attracted by job opportunities in the new world

effect: New ethnic groups some areas

Exclusionist policies

Australian/US policies to maintain the majority population

effect: Acted as oppression against anyone who wasn’t the majority, leading to tension building towards the majority group

The New Deal

American policy to repair themselves from the great depression, actually worked very well

effect: America becomes a very significant power in the world, ready to become the largest power come ww2

East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Japan’s colonies and puppet states in East Asia leading up to the second world war

effect: Japan gained a very large amount of natural resources, which they used throughout the second world war and war with China.

Indian National Congress

Party formed for the freedom and independence of India, resulting in success.

effect: Independence of India and the Indian National Congress as its first ruling party in the new state of India.

Armenian Genocide

Happened in the dying Ottoman empire, killing millions of Armenians

effect: Massively exterminated Armenians, partially removing them from the face of the Earth. Also showed the amount of power countries have over minority groups within their borders.

Totalitarian rule

Society under rulers such as Hitler or Stalin had constant surveillance, indoctrination,etc.

effect: Created populations entirely dedicated to the totalitarian leader, resulting in a massive centralized state such as that of the Third Reich.

Holodomor

Ukrainian Genocide circa 1920,1930

effect: Removed many Ukrainians from the map, in addition to showing the complete power that Stalin had over his subjects.

Korean War

Proxy War fought between north and south Korea, showing the conflict between red and blue

Effect: Led the groundwork for many proxy wars throughout the cold war, and served as a summary of many proxy wars.

Iranian Revolution

Created a society entirely based on the holy book of Islam. While considered a liberal society, it was very much liberal to the traditional sense, with traditional views everywhere

effect: Created massive Islamic state that embodied traditional views, served as a harbor for those who were traditional to religion.

Algerian Independence

Served as a n example of what a violent independence movement looks like, with the Algerians violently separating from the French.

effect: Algerian independence,example

Superimposed states

Seemingly irrationally drawn States such as Israel or Cambodia, violently disregarding ethnic borders.

effect: lots of tension between different ethnic groups as a result of a power struggle

Colonial-homeland migrations

Migration paths such as that of the Philippines to the US in which migrants used established connection systems to migrate to the developed west.

effect: significant amount of migrants entering the west

Terrorist groups

Groups such as Al Qaeda that were harbored in States such as Afghanistan, responsible for many terrorist attacks in the world.

NOTE: Terrorist attacks are debated by area, and some groups see it as condoned/reasonable

effect: Groups maintain in the running, and can affect global affairs.

Disease/Poverty

Many diseases associated with poverty, such as Malaria and Cholera reach the forefronts of the western mind

effect: significant philanthropy efforts lead to moderate amounts of support through UNESCO, UN, etc.

Longevity

As a result of longer lifespans, new diseases are seen such as Alzheimer’s or dementia

effect: less difference between developed and developing worlds in the world, leading to some level of cruel equality

Free market policies(China)

Special economic zones are set up in China in Hong Kong, Macao, etc. to get the benefits of capitalism in the China

effect: MASSIVE economic growth for the Chinese, and trade deals for everyone else as a result of the immense Chinese population.

Knowledge based economies

Economies based on technology such as Finland,Japan, and the US

effect: Massive amounts of economic growth in research and development, resulting in stark differences between developed and underdeveloped.

Trade Agreements

Economic policies such as the EU or NAFTA allow increasingly free trade on the world stage

effect: Large amounts of capitalism in the world, with lots of economic growth, yet with increasing economic inequality.