SCI - ENERGY

How is energy defined?

the capacity or ability to perform work, such as moving an object, heating a substance, or creating light.

What is movement energy?

Kinetic

What is stored energy?

Potential

What is heat energy in a substance?

The total measure of kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules in a substance

How is heat related to mass?

Heat is directly proportional to mass (The more the mass the more heat energy required to change its temperature)

What happens when a substance is heated?

The kinetic energy is increased so atoms and molecules move faster.

Law of the conversion of mass?

States that mass can neither be created or destroyed (Rather transferred from one substance to another

What tool is used to measure the amount of thermal energy?

Thermometer

What is an exothermic reaction?

Releases heat into surroundings

What is an endothermic reaction?

Absorbs heat from surroundings

What is heat dissipation?

Transfer of heat energy to a cooler area

What are the ways heat energy travels?

• Conduction

• Convection

• radiation

What is a conductor in terms of heat energy? (And why does it occur?)

A conductor is a material that allows heat to pass through it easily. This occurs because the particles in a conductor are closely packed together, enabling efficient transfer of kinetic energy from one particle to another.

Why does conduction occur less in liquids and gases

Because the particles are far apart

What is convection and describe the process?

Heat transfer through movement.

1. A fluid gets heated and becomes lighter (less dense).

2. The warm fluid rises up.

3. The cooler, heavier fluid sinks to take its place.

4. This creates a continuous loop (a convection current) that spreads the heat around.

What is radiation?

When thermal energy travels into air through evaporation (Radiating heat in forms of waves)

How do particles act in evaporation?

The particles with the most energy move the fastest, Especially the ones near the surface break through and form gas. The remaining energy in the liquid in turn is reduced causing temperature drop.

Why does the human body evaporate sweat?

To keep a normal temperature for good health

What temperature does the body need for good health?

37°C

What is infrared radiation?

a type of invisible energy that we primarily experience as heat

What is thermal imaging?

The conversion of infrared radiation to electricity to make images