Spread of Communism and Land Reform

Flashcards about the spread of communism after 1900 and land reform in different countries.

What was the primary aim of the Communist Party in China following 1927?

To gain control of the country, initially against the Nationalists but later focusing on fighting the Japanese invaders.

Why did the Communists, led by Mao Zedong, gain widespread support in China?

They redistributed land to peasants, opened schools and hospitals, punished soldiers who mistreated civilians, and were seen as more nationalist and less corrupt.

What was the Great Leap Forward in China, and what were its consequences?

A policy in 1958 that organized peasant lands into communes. It led to severe food shortages and the death of approximately 20 million Chinese due to starvation.

What was the Cultural Revolution in China, and what was its impact?

An effort by Mao to reinvigorate communism. It resulted in the silencing of critics and solidified Mao's power, similar to Stalin's purges in the Soviet Union.

How did the discovery of oil affect Iran in the early 20th century?

It intensified competition between Britain and Russia for control of the area.

What led to the overthrow of Mohammad Mosaddegh in Iran in 1953?

His vow to nationalize oil companies led the United States and Great Britain to engineer his overthrow and return the Shah to power.

What were the key aspects of the White Revolution in Iran?

Progressive reforms instituted by the Shah including recognizing women's right to vote, creating a social welfare system, funding literacy programs, and land reform.

What was the main goal of land reform during Iran's White Revolution?

To undercut the power of traditional landowners and increase the Shah's popularity among peasants by buying land from landlords and reselling it to peasants at a lower price.

What were the major outcomes of India's land reform efforts?

Mixed results overall. Some success was achieved in Kerala, with policies that allowed tenants to purchase land and become full owners.

What was the impact of land reform on political alignment in Venezuela?

Those who benefited from land reform were more likely to support the government, while those who lost land tended not to.

What was the cause for the U.S. intervention in Guatemala in 1954?

The United Fruit Company lobbied the U.S. government to remove Jacob Arbenz who started land reform.

How did the promise of land redistribution contribute to Communist success in Vietnam?

Winning great support among peasants.