(40) GCSE Chemistry Revision "Graphene and Fullerenes"

Graphene

A single layer of graphite that is only one atom thick, known for its good electrical conductivity and strength.

Delocalized electrons

Electrons that are not attached to any individual atom and can move freely, contributing to the conductivity in materials like graphene.

Buckminsterfullerene

The first fullerene molecule discovered, consisting of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a hollow sphere.

Fullerenes

Molecules based on carbon atoms that have hollow shapes, often with hexagonal, pentagonal, or heptagonal rings of carbon.

Carbon nanotubes

Cylindrical fullerenes with a high length-to-diameter ratio, known for their high tensile strength and electrical conductivity.

Tensile strength

The resistance of a material to breaking under tension, which is high in carbon nanotubes.

Covalent bonds

Strong chemical bonds formed when atoms share electrons; responsible for the strength and high melting and boiling points of graphene.

Electronics

The branch of technology concerned with the design of circuits and devices using electrical energy, where graphene may be useful.

Catalysts

Substances that speed up chemical reactions, which can be made from fullerenes.

Hexagonal rings

The arrangement of carbon atoms in graphene and fullerenes, typically forming six-sided structures.