1.2 | Major Pre-Columbian Civilizations.

What major city did the Aztecs build on a lake, which is now modern-day Mexico City?

Tenochtitlán

What farming technique did the Aztecs practice that involved floating gardens?

Chinampa farming

Which civilization developed the first writing system in the Americas and is known for their city-states like Tikal and Chichen Itza?

Maya

What did the Maya create that was key for understanding time and astronomy?

A 365-day calendar

What was the capital city of the Inca civilization?

Cuzco

What type of farming technique was developed by the Incas to utilize mountainous terrain?

Terrace farming

What is the name of the extensive road system built by the Inca that connected their empire?

Qhapaq Ñan

What form of record-keeping did the Incas use instead of writing?

Quipu (knotted strings)

Which civilization is known for the large city Cahokia with a population over 20,000?

Mississippians

What was a significant cultural feature of the Iroquois Confederacy's society, relating to inheritance and political power?

Matrilineal society

What farming technique did the Aztecs practice, known as floating gardens?

Chinampa farming.

What military strategy did the Aztecs use to expand their territory?

warfare and tribute systems.

What type of religion did the Aztecs follow, which involved human sacrifice?

Polytheistic religion.

How long was the Inca Road System?

Approximately 25,000 miles

What was the Inca Road System used for?

communication, trade, and the movement of armies across the Empire.

What were key features of the Inca roads?

Rope bridges, stone roads, stairways

How did the Aztecs maintain control over conquered regions?

demanding tribute and military force

What were the major Pre-Columbian civilizations in the Americas?

Mesoamerican Civilizations, Andean Civilizations, and North American Civilizations.

What famous city is associated with the Inca civilization?

Machu Picchu.

Cahokia

The largest city of the Mississippians.

What was the population of Cahokia?

20,000+ people

What was the Iroquois Confederacy

An alliance of several tribes that developed an early democratic government.

What tribes did the Iroquois Confederacy include

the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca tribes.

What type of society did the Iroquois have?

A matrilineal society where women had significant political power.

What was Tenochtitlán?

the capital of the Aztec Empire, built on an island

Advanced knowledge

A high level of understanding or skill in a particular field.

Advanced knowledge

A high level of understanding or skill in a particular field.

Andean

Relating to the Andes mountains in South America.

Astronomers

Scientists who study celestial bodies and phenomena.

Aztecs

A powerful civilization in Mexico known for its large cities and military expertise.

Cahokia

The largest city of the Mississippian culture, located in present-day Illinois.

Calendar

A system for organizing days, typically based on the lunar or solar year.

Chinampa

A method of farming using floating gardens, practiced by the Aztecs.

City-states

Independent, self-governing cities and their surrounding territories.

Civilizations

Advanced societies with complex social structures and cultural practices.

Complex societies

Societies characterized by a high degree of social organization and cultural development.

Cuzco

The capital city of the Inca Empire.

Democratic government

A system of government in which power is vested in the people.

European arrival

The period when Europeans first made contact with the Americas.

Glyphs

Symbolic characters used in the Maya writing system.

Human sacrifice

The ritual killing of humans as offerings to deities.

Inca

A major civilization in South America known for its vast empire and engineering.

Iroquois Confederacy

An alliance of several Native American tribes in the Northeastern U.S.

Machu Picchu

An ancient Inca city located in the Andes mountains.

Mathematicians

Individuals skilled in the field of mathematics.

Matrilineal

A societal structure in which lineage is traced through the mother.

Maya

A civilization known for its writing system, architecture, and advanced knowledge.

Mesoamerican

Relating to the region and cultures of Mexico and Central America.

Mississippians

A civilization known for its large mounds and trade networks.

Political power

The authority to influence or control the behavior of people and institutions.

Polytheistic

Believing in or worshipping multiple gods.

Populations

Groups of individuals living in a particular area or region.

Pre-Columbian

The time before Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas.

Quipu

A system of knotted strings used by the Incas for record-keeping.

Society

A community of individuals living together and sharing customs and laws.

Tenochtitlán

The capital city of the Aztec Empire, located on a lake.

Terrace farming

A method of growing crops on the sides of hills or mountains.

What are trade networks?

Systems that connect different regions or cultures to exchange goods.

Tribute systems

A practice where one group pays another in goods or services as a form of allegiance.

Warfare

The fighting and actions involved in war.

Tribute

A payment or gift given by one group to another, usually to show respect or obedience.