Ancient Egypt Midterm

Rosetta Stone, Ptolemy V, made out of grandiorite, 196 BCE, found in the Egyptian Delta.

Statuette of a woman, Badarian Culture, made of ivory, ca. 4400-3800 BCE

Jackal statue excavated in a woman's tomb, made of schist, ca. 3300-3100 BCE

Bowl with hippopotami, Excavated in a tomb at el-Mesaid, ca. 3700-3450 BCE, h. 6.8cm, dia. 19.4cm

Decorated Ware Jar Depicting Ungulates and Boats with Human Figures, clay, excavated in a tomb, ca. 3500-3300 BCE

Wall painting from an elite tomb from Hierakonpolis,

Painting on plaster, ca. 3450 BCE

Ceremonial Palette, the so-called Two-Dog Palette, from a temple at Hierakonpolis, made out of greywacke, ca. 3300-3100 BCE

The Four-Dog Palette, made of greywacke, ca. 3300-3100 BCE

The Narmer Palette, excavated in a temple located at Hierakonpolis,

made out of schist ca. 3000 BCE

King Den's Label, Dynasty 1, made out of ivory, ca. 3000 BCE

Stela of Wadji, from his tomb in Abydos, 143 cm in height,

Made out of limestone, ca. 2879 BCE

Ceremonial mace head in the form of a coiling snake, Dynasty 1,

Made of travertine, ca. 3100-2900 BCE

Mace head of the king Scorpion, made of limestone, L. 25cm, ca. 3100 BCE (Drawing by Richard Parkinson)

Temple doorpost, in the form of a bound prisoner, Dynasty 1,

from Hierakonpolis, made out of dolerite, ca. 3100-2900 BCE

Colossal statue of Min from Coptos, limestone, Late 4th millennium BCE

Statue of a baboon, Dynasty 0, Reign of Narmer, made of travertine, Ca. 3100 BCE

Limestone statue of Khasekhemwy, Dynasty 2, ca. 2690 BCE

Tomb of Khasekhemwy, mudbrick architecture

Dynasty 2, ca. 2890 - 2686 BCE

'Enclosure' of Khasekhemwy, mudbrick architecture, ca. 2890 - 2686 BCE

Pyramid Complex of Djoser in Saqqara, limestone, ca. 2686-2648 BCE

Cross section of the step pyramid of Djoser, Height of the pyramid: 62.5m, Base: 121 by 109m

Funerary Statue of Djoser, made out of limestone, found in the serdab of his tomb, ca. 2686-2648 BCE

Relief depicting Djoser running between benben stone, Made of limestone, h. 87 cm, From Saqqara.

Bent pyramid of Sneferu at Dashur, made of limestone, ca. 2613-2589 BCE

The red pyramid of Sneferu at Dashur, building material: limestone, Height: 105m, width at base 220m, ca. 2613-2589 BCE

The Giza Pyramids, 4th Dynasty, 26th century BCE

The plan of the pyramid complex of Pepy II, 6th dynasty, ca. 2278-2184 BCE

Plan and reconstruction of the sun temple of the king Neuserre at Abu Ghurob, ca. 2445-2421 BCE, Construction material: mostly limestone

(1)

Plan and reconstruction of the sun temple of the king Neuserre at Abu Ghurob, ca. 2445-2421 BCE, Construction material: mostly limestone

(2)

Statue of Khafre, found in the mortuary temple of Khafre in Giza,

made of diorite, ca. 2558 - 2532 BCE

Triad of Menkaure, found in the valley temple

made of schist, ca. 2532-2503 BCE

Statue of Menkaure with a queen, Valley temple of the mortuary complex., made of schist, ca. 2532-2503 BCE

Statue of King Sahure and a Nome God, made of gneiss, ca. 2458-2446 BCE

Copper statues of the king Pepi I (eyes inlaid), found in a secondary deposit in Hierakonpolis, ca. 2321-2287 BCE

Seated queen Ankhnesmerira holding Pepi II on her lap,

made of alabaster, ca. 2270 BCE

Tomb of Hemiunu and his seated statue out of limestone, Fourth Dynasty, the reign of Khufu, ca. 2589-2566 BCE

Scribe statue of the official Kai, from his tomb in Saqqara, Painted limestone, ca. 2450 BCE

Painted limestone statues of Rahotep & Nefert from the tomb chapel of Rahotep in Meidum, Fourth Dynasty, ca. 26th century BCE.

The official Shepsi, his wife Nikauhathor, and their son, painted limestone, from the serdab of their tomb chapel found in Saqqara, 5. Dynasty

Reserve head, made of limestone, 4th Dynasty, ca. 2589-2566 BCE

Falsedoor of Ptahshepses, Saqqara, made of limestone, ca. 2440 BCE

Drawing of the false door in the tomb of Werirenptah, priest, and his wife Khentkauses, From Saqqara, Fifth Dynasty

Servant Statues: Male brewer on the left & servants grinding grain and baking on the right, Made out of painted limestone, from the tomb of Merirahashetef, 6th Dynasty

Statue of Nebhepetre-Montuhotep, Painted limestone, from his mortuary temple, in Deir-el-Bahri nearby Thebes, ca. 2055-2004 BCE

Funerary statue of Nebhepetre-Montuhotep, Deir el-Bahri, painted sandstone, ca. 2055-2004 BCE

The funerary temple of Nebhepetre-Montuhotep, Western Thebes, ca. 2000 BCE

The funerary temple of Nebhepetre-Montuhotep, Western Thebes, ca. 2000 BCE

Reconstruction of the mastaba of the vizier Khnumhotep at Dahshur,

Twelfth Dynasty, reign of Senwosret III (ca. 1878-1840 BCE)

Pyramid of Menkaure, 4th Dynasty, Giza, ca. 2500 BCE

(little one)

Pyramidion (capstone) of Amenemhat III, made of basalt,

12th Dynasty, ca. 1859-1813 BCE

Fortress of Buhen in Nubia, south of Egypt, Constructed by Senwosret III, mudbrick architecture, ca. 1840 BCE

Fortress of Buhen in Nubia, south of Egypt, constructed by Senwosret III, mudbrick architecture, ca. 1840 BCE

Elevation of the Amun-Re Temple in Karnak, Twelfth Dynasty, Senwosret I, limestone, ca. 1961 - 1917 BCE

The White Chapel of Senwosret I, Limestone, ca. 1971 - 19326 BCE

Reliefs from the White Chapel, Limestone, ca. 1971 - 19326 BCE

(not exactly this, but similar)

Canonical grid of eighteen squares from the While Chapel

Senwosret III interacting with the gods, White Chapel, Karnak, Thebes, ca. 1870 - 1831

Face of Senwosret III, quartzite, 1878-1841 BCE

Head of Senwosret III, quartzite, 1878-1841 BCE

Statue of Senwosret III in devotional pose, Found in mortuary temple of Nebhepetre-Montuhotep, granodiorite, ca. 1878-1841

The Osiris Bier, found in the Early Dynastic tomb of Djer at Abydos, Dedicated by a Thirteenth Dynasty pharaoh, ca. 1773 - 1650 BCE, Made of diorite

Base with two male figures, made of red quartzite, ca. 1880 BCE

Block statue of Senwosret-senbefni & his wife,

Quarzite, ca. 1850 BCE

Private Tombs of the Middle Kingdom: The tomb of Meketre along with models, the vizier of Amenemhat I, Twelfth Dynasty, carved into the cliffs nearby Thebes, ca. 1981-1975 BCE

Model bakery & brewery- Models from the tomb of Meketre, the vizier of Amenemhat I, Twelfth Dynasty, from Thebes, ca. 1981-1975 BCE

Slaughterhouse, plastered & painted wood- Models from the tomb of Meketre, the vizier of Amenemhat I, Twelfth Dynasty, from Thebes, ca. 1981-1975 BCE

Female offering bearer from the tomb of Meketre, the vizier of Amenemhat I, from Thebes, wood & paint, ca. 1981-1975 BCE

Ancient royal burial ground for Egypt's first pharaohs, a major cult center for the god Osiris, and the location of the Abydos King List

Abydos

Heliopolis was an ancient Egyptian city, meaning "City of the Sun," which was the religious center for the cult of the sun god Ra

Heliopolis

The main city of the twentieth district of Upper Egypt

Heracleopolis Magna

The religious and political capital of Upper Egypt at the end of prehistoric Egypt (united egypt?)

Hierakonpolis

A stela is an upright monument containing information in the form of texts, images or a combination of the two. Stelae have been used to commemorate people or events, to delineate physical spaces or as objects through which to access the dead or divine.

Stelae

Used during the Old Kingdom, the serdab was a sealed chamber with a small slit or hole to allow the soul of the deceased to move about freely

Serdab

Nemes consisted of pieces of striped head cloth worn by pharaohs in ancient Egypt.

Nemes

One of the most significant ancient Egyptian deities who served many functions, most notably as the god of kingship, healing, protection, the sun, and the sky. Depicted as Falcon

Horus

The god of fertility, agriculture, the afterlife, the dead, resurrection, life, and vegetation in ancient Egyptian religion. The first king of Egypt and later the king of the afterlife

Osirus

The ankh or key of life is an ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol used to represent the word for "life" and, by extension, as a symbol of life itself.

Ankh

A material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing material. Plant of lower Egypt

Papyrus

A ceremonial palette was a stone slab used for grinding and mixing cosmetics in ancient Egypt, but unlike a standard cosmetic palette, its intricate carvings distinguished it as a ritual object for religious ceremonies or as a historical monument.

Ceremonial Pallete

Mastaba, rectangular superstructure of ancient Egyptian tombs, built of mud brick or, later, stone, with sloping walls and a flat roof. From the word bench.

Mastaba

Memphis was the ancient capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom and a major religious and administrative center.

Memphis

Thebes was a major ancient Egyptian capital and cult center, located on the Nile River where modern Luxor now stands. It was the capital during the Middle and New Kingdoms, known for the worship of the god Amun.

Thebes

Egyptian obelisks are tall, four-sided, monolithic stone shafts with a pyramid-shaped top, originally created as part of solar worship, especially for the god Ra

Obelisk

Primarily built as elaborate tombs for pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods.

Pyramid

A system of writing that uses pictorial characters

Hieroglyph

a symbolic representation of a royal palace, which was used in hieroglyphs and tomb art.

Palace facade (Serekh)

the flooding of the river that began in late June, peaked in late September, and left behind fertile silt essential for ancient Egyptian agriculture and life

Indundation

Lion body and human head, a guardian symbol, often representing divine kingship and protection

Sphinx

The first pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, during the earlier half of the Old Kingdom period. He introduced major innovations in the design and construction of pyramids, and at least three of his pyramids survive to this day.

Snefru

The Fourth king of the Fourth Dynasty, during the earlier half of the Old Kingdom period. Son of Khufu and owner of the second pyramid of Giza

Khafre

The second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty, in the first half of the Old Kingdom period. Son of Sneferu and owner of first pyramid of Giza

Khufu

An architectural feature in a tomb or temple, mimicking a real door but serving as a symbolic portal for the deceased to the afterlife. It allowed the deceased's spirit (ka) to communicate with the living, receive offerings, and pass between the worlds of the dead and the living.

False Door

God of the sun and creator god. He was believed to travel across the sky in his solar bark.

Re/Ra

The principal god of Ancient Egypt during the New Kingdom, eventually becoming known as the king of the gods and the creator deity after merging with the sun god Ra to become Amun-Ra

Amun

An Egyptian priest who wrote a history of Egypt in Greek, probably commissioned by Ptolemy II/listed dynasties and kings

Manetho

The name of the desert (the red land)

Desheret

The name of ancient Egypt from the Egyptians (dark soil/black earth)

Kemet

An ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the sixth ruler of the Eleventh Dynasty. He is credited with reuniting Egypt, thus ending the turbulent First Intermediate Period.

Mentuhotep II

An oval with a line at one end tangent to it, indicating that the text enclosed is a royal name.

cartouche

First king to unite all of Egypt (3000 - 2972 BC); Narmer

Menes