Biology( Blood Sweat & Air)

What is Glucose

Simple sugar that serves as the primary fuel source.

Glucose

Its chemical bonds store energy, which is released through a series of reactions to generate ATP, the cell's main energy source.

Where does Glucose occur?

Occurs in glycolysis

ATP ( ? )

Adenosine Triphosphate

ATP

High energy molecule that stores and transfers energy.

ADP (?) 

Adenosine diphosphate 

ADP

Energy Storage Molecule

Mitochondria

Organelles in the cells eukaryotic body that generate most of the cells supply of chemical energy.

Aerobic Respiration 

Occurs with oxygen/ Includes the Krebs Cycle and ETC

Anaerobic Respiration

Occurs without Oxygen/ Includes Latic acid and Alchoholic Fermentation.

Lactic Acid

Produced during latic acid fermentation/ too much may lead to muscle soreness.

Pyruvate

3 carbon molecule that is the final product of glucose.

O_²

Oxygen

H₂O

Water

CO₂

Carbon dioxide

Glycolysis

First step of cellular respiration/ occurs in the cytoplasm.

Creates 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH

Glycolysis

Citric Acid/ Krebs Cycle 

2nd step of aerobic respiration/ occurs in the cells matrix

Produces 6 NAHD, 2 ATP, 2 FADH_2, 4 CO₂ Molecules

Krebs cycle

ETC

Final step of cellular respiration/ occurs in the cells membrane.

Creates 34 ATP

ETC 

Feedback mechanism 

Uses feedback loops to identify if it is a negative or positive change.

Sensors

A structure that detects chemical or physical changes in the environment.

Effectors

A muscle or gland that produces a specific response to a stimulus.

Control Centers

A component that receives signals, processes it, and initiates a response to maintain homeostasis.

Hormones 

A chemical messenger produced by specialized cells in the body that regulate physiological processes.

Nerves

Cells that carry out sensory information or send motor commands.

Homeostasis

Biological process of maintaining a stable Internal environment despite external changes.

Heart 

Muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. 

Heart rate.

The number of times a heart beats per minute to pump blood throughout the body.

Red blood cells

Responsible for carrying O₂ from the lungs into tissues and CO₂ back into the lungs.

blood vessel 

A tubular structure which carries blood through tissues and organs (EX. Vein, Artery, ect).

pancreas

An organ behind the stomach which produces enzymes and hormones/ also made up of tissues.

Brain

An organ made up of soft tissue which works as the control center of the human body.

Macro-molecule 

large molecule made up of monomers(lipids, carbohydrates, ect.)

organelle

Specialized subunit within a cell that preforms a specific function.

What is the Aveoli made up of?

Tissues

What enters the Aveoli sac from the blood stream (lungs)?

CO₂

What turns the purple blood cells red?

O_{2 (Oxygen)}