Cognitive Development Stages and Theories

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to cognitive development and significant theories in psychology.

During the __ stage (0-2 years), infants learn about the world through their senses and actions.

Sensorimotor

The __ stage (2-7 years) is characterized by egocentrism, where children see the world only through their own eyes.

Preoperational

In the __ stage (7-11 years), children begin to think logically about concrete events.

Concrete operational

The __ stage (11+ years) allows for abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning.

Formal operational

__ refers to the process of taking new information and fitting it into existing schemas.

Assimilation

In Piaget's theory, __ is when existing schemas are changed to fit new information.

Accommodation

According to Piaget, __ is the balance between assimilation and accommodation.

Equilibrium

Children in the preoperational stage often exhibit __, where they believe inanimate objects have feelings or intentions.

Animism

Piaget believed that cognitive development proceeds through stages that are and .

universal; invariant

Dweck's __ mindset implies abilities are believed to be fixed and unchangeable.

Fixed

A __ mindset encourages the belief that abilities can be developed with effort and learning.

Growth

Willingham's theory emphasizes that practice must be and tailored to be effective.

universal; invariant