apush period 9

Proposition 13

Cali: dramatic cut of taxes, basis for Reagan tax cuts.

Supply-side economics (Reaganomics)

massive tax cuts for individuals and businesses to simulate investment and production

​moral majority and religious right

politically active religious conservatives: against feminism, abortion, pornography, homosexuality

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

race can be considered in college applications, but racial quotas cannot.

end of Johnson’s affirmative action

limits to Roe V. Wade

Reagan: allowed states to impose certain restrictions (e.g. minors notifying parents)

military buildup

Reagan: new weapons systems.

SDI: plan for building lasers to destroy enemy missiles before they reach the states.

Iran-Contra affair

• Sandinistas (socialist): democratically elected group in Nicaragua (accused of threatening U.S. business interests)

• Reagan ordered CIA to assist an armed opposition group (the Contras)

• To fund the contras, the U.S. sold arms to Iran (illegal x2)

glastnost

increased transparency and freedom of speech in USSR

Perestroika

economic and political reform to revive the USSR

“dont ask, dont tell”

Clinton policy on lgbtq members in military

Persian Gulf War

• the 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S.-led international coalition

• sparked by the 1990 iraqi invasion into Kuwait

Clinton’s Anti-Crime Bill

funding for police protection and crime prevention, banned most assault rifles (angered NRA)

NAFTA

free trade zone: canada, U.S., mexico

Apple, microsoft

high tech companies, rise of technology

clinton’s second term

Clinton Impeachment

Perjury and obstruction of justice, affair with White House intern Monica Lewinsky, acquitted

european union (EU)

a political and economic union of European countries (Post WWII democracy)

Globalization

Increase in trade, communication, and capital movement across nations. Led to rise of global/regional economic groups like WTO, IMF, and World Bank.

Group of Eight (G-8)

Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, UK, US. Controlled 2/3 of world wealth. Faced tension from rising economies (China, India, Brazil) & poor nations hurt by globalization.

Immigration Reform and Control Act

Tried to regulate immigration and stop illegal entry, especially from Mexico. Criticized for granting amnesty to some undocumented immigrants.

No Child Left Behind

Bush-era law requiring yearly standardized tests. Students were allowed to transfer to better schools (limit poor and rich divide)

Tech Boom & Market Crash

Investors flooded internet startups. Bubble burst in 2000, causing big stock losses and failed companies.

Roots of Terrorism

U.S. support for Israel and military presence in the Middle East fueled anti-Americanism.

September 11, 2001

Al-Qaeda hijacked 4 planes, hitting the Twin Towers, Pentagon, and Pennsylvania. Nearly 3,000 died; public opinion gave bush the power to act

War in Afghanistan

U.S. invaded after Taliban refused to hand over bin Laden. Taliban fell fast, but bin Laden escaped; Afghanistan stayed unstable and divided.

Bush Doctrine

Policy after 9/11 allowing preemptive military strikes against threats. Rejected Cold War deterrence; aimed to stop terrorism and WMDs.

Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003)

U.S. invaded Iraq without U.N. backing to oust Saddam. No WMDs found; war led to insurgency, criticism, and global backlash.

Return of Democrats

Iraq War, Katrina, and scandals hurt Bush. Democrats won Congress; Bush still shaped courts with Roberts & Alito.

Great Recession

Housing bubble burst → bank failures, unemployment, panic. Gov’t passed TARP ($700B) to rescue banks; crisis compared to Great Depression.

Auto Bailout & “Cash for Clunkers”

Gov’t rescued GM & Chrysler during bankruptcy. “Cash for Clunkers” gave $3B to boost car sales and fuel efficiency.

Obamacare (Affordable Care Act, 2010)

Expanded health insurance with mandates, subsidies, and protections for preexisting conditions. Faced major conservative opposition.

Arab Spring (2010–2011)

Pro-democracy protests toppled regimes in Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, and Yemen. U.S. backed protesters, but Obama faced criticism for not acting more in Syria/Libya.

Partisan Budget Conflicts

Congress clashed over spending cuts and Obamacare, causing a 2013 shutdown. No long-term budget deals until 2015.

Gay Rights & Obergefell v. Hodges

“Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” repealed (2010). SCOTUS ruled in Obergefell that same-sex marriage is protected by the 14th Amendment.