ELT/EFL Methodology Vocabulary

Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms and definitions related to ELT/EFL methodology, language systems, classroom management, and teaching techniques for various language skills.

Methodology

From Greek methodos = "the way towards the aim"

Didactics

From Greek didaktikós = "able to teach"

ELT

English Language Teaching

Approach

Reflects theoretical model or research paradigm

Method

Sets procedures, compatible with one or two approaches

Technique

Classroom device or activity

Mother Tongue (L1)

First language

Foreign Language (FL)

Learned where not generally spoken

Second Language (L2)

Not native but used in learner's locale

Acquisition

Non-conscious, natural process.

Learning

Conscious, systematic activity with explicit rules

Aims

Teacher's activities (what to teach)

Objectives

Pupil's learning outcomes (what students can do)

Accuracy

Grammatical correctness

Fluency

Capacity to communicate naturally

Appropriateness

Sociolinguistic competence

Phonological

Pronunciation and spelling

Grammatical

Structures and functions

Lexical

Vocabulary and phraseology

Functional

Speech acts (e.g., apologizing)

Discourse

Conversation analysis

Receptive Skills

Listening and Reading

Productive Skills

Speaking and Writing

Study skills

Learning how to learn

Grouping and seating

Whole class, pairs, groups, individual work

Activities

Sequencing, timing, instructions

Teacher presence

Proximity, movement, awareness

Vocabulary

Single words and simple combinations

Lexis

Broader concept including collocations and chunks

Mental lexicon

How words are stored

Meaning relationships

Synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms

Word formation

Prefixes, suffixes, compounds

Memorizing

Alternative recording methods

Visual (Presentation Techniques)

Pictures, drawings, real objects

Verbal (Presentation Techniques)

Explanation, translation, examples

Physical (Presentation Techniques)

Mime, demonstration, acting

Intelligibility

Being understood (not perfect native accent)

Comprehensibility

Clear enough for comfortable communication

Drilling

Choral, individual, chain, substitution

Minimal pairs

Contrasting sounds

Jazz chants

Rhythm and stress practice

Tongue twisters

Specific sound practice

Traditional Approach to Grammar

Understanding how language works, rule-based

Communicative Approach to Grammar

Grammar as resource for communication

Presentation (PPP Model)

Introduce grammar point

Practice (PPP Model)

Controlled exercises for accuracy

Production (PPP Model)

Free activities for fluency

Task-Based Model

Start with meaningful tasks

Inductive (Presentation Approaches)

Examples first, discover rules

Overt (Presentation Approaches)

Explicit grammar explanation

Covert (Presentation Approaches)

Hidden grammar focus

Controlled (Practice Types)

Drills, substitution exercises

Guided (Practice Types)

Information gaps, structured tasks

Free (Practice Types)

Open communication, real-life tasks

Main Goals of Teaching Speaking

Develop fluency over accuracy

Writing for learning

Reinforcement, grammar practice

Writing for writing

Real-life texts (emails, letters)

Creative writing

Process-focused, personal expression

Guided writing

Using models/samples

Process writing

Full writing cycle

Free writing

Independent creation

Purpose of Receptive Skills

Information gathering

Top-down (Processing Approaches)

Using background knowledge and context

Bottom-up (Processing Approaches)

Building from individual words/sounds

Pre-listening/reading

Activate prior knowledge

While-listening/reading

Listen/read for gist

Post-listening/reading

Check comprehension

Information transfer

Charts, maps, pictures

Jigsaw activities

Information exchange

Listen and do

Physical response activities

CEFR

Common European Framework of Reference

CLT

Communicative Language Teaching

STT

Student Talking Time

TTT

Teacher Talking Time

TPR

Total Physical Response

TESOL

Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages