W11 ~ Oxygen Delivery

Oxygen Therapy Administration (Objectives) Fill-in-the-Blank Card

Oxygen Therapy Administration
• Describe the function of reducing ______ and flow ______.
• Describe the different oxygen ______ devices and their uses.
• Common medical ______.

Answer Key Card

Oxygen Therapy Administration
• Describe the function of reducing valves and flow meters.
• Describe the different oxygen delivery devices and their uses.
• Common medical gases.

Oxygen Therapy Administration (Purpose & Hazards) Fill-in-the-Blank Card

Oxygen Administration
• Treat ______ (PaO₂ < 80 mmHg)
• Treat ______ (SpO₂ < 94%)
• Reduce work of ______
• Reduce work of the ______

Hazards
• ______ (too much oxygen)
• CO₂ retainers — hypoxic drive to ______

Answer Key Card

Oxygen Administration
• Treat hypoxemia (PaO₂ < 80 mmHg)
• Treat hypoxia (SpO₂ < 94%)
• Reduce work of breathing
• Reduce work of the heart

Hazards
• Hyperoxia
• CO₂ retainers — hypoxic drive to breathe

Pressure Regulating Devices Fill-in-the-Blank Card

• Gas-powered respiratory therapy equipment requires ______ psi
• Central piping systems have pressure ______ valves
• Cylinder pressure (2200 psi) must be reduced to ______ psi
• Ventilators, flowmeters, and blenders all require a ______ psi source

Answer Key Card

• Gas-powered respiratory therapy equipment requires 50 psi
• Central piping systems have pressure reducing valves
• Cylinder pressure must be reduced to 50 psi
• Ventilators, flowmeters, and blenders all require a 50 psi source

Regulator Fill-in-the-Blank Card

• High-pressure reducing ______
• Direct acting or ______ acting
• Single or multiple ______
• Preset or ______

Answer Key Card

• High-pressure reducing valve
• Direct acting or indirect acting
• Single or multiple stages
• Preset or adjustable

Pressure Regulating Devices (H Tank) Fill-in-the-Blank Card

• Regulator — high-pressure reducing valve for ______ tank with American Standard connection

Answer Key Card

• Regulator — high-pressure reducing valve for H tank with American Standard connection

Flow Control Devices Fill-in-the-Blank Card

• Require pressure reduced to ______ psi
• ______ gauge flow meter → adjustable inlet pressure, fixed outlet orifice
• ______ tube flow meter → preset inlet pressure, adjustable outlet orifice

Answer Key Card

• Require pressure reduced to 50 psi
• Bourdon gauge flow meter
• Thorpe tube flow meter

Bourdon Gauge Flowmeter Fill-in-the-Blank Card

• Fixed outlet ______
• Placed between pressure source and fixed ______
• Any change in P₁ − P₂ alters output ______
• Downstream resistance → creates ______ pressure
• Provides accurate measurements when no ______
• Downstream resistance reduces outlet flow → ______ delivered flow

Answer Key Card

• Fixed outlet orifice
• Placed between pressure source and fixed orifice
• Alters output flow
• Downstream resistance → creates back-pressure
• Provides accurate measurements when no restrictions
• Downstream resistance reduces outlet flow → overestimation of delivered flow

Thorpe Tube Flowmeter Fill-in-the-Blank Card

• Small ______ inside that hovers at marked lines
• Measures ______ rate
• If flow ceases due to obstruction downstream → ball falls to ______ L/min

Answer Key Card

• Small ball inside
• Measures flow rate
• Falls to 0 L/min

Oxygen Administering Devices Fill-in-the-Blank Card

Low Flow
• Nasal ______
• Simple ______

High Flow
• Partial-rebreathing ______
• Nonrebreathing ______
• ______-Valve-Mask
• Air-entrainment ______
• ______ (positive airway pressure)

Answer Key Card

Low Flow
• Nasal cannula
• Simple mask

High Flow
• Partial-rebreathing mask
• Nonrebreathing mask
• Bag-Valve-Mask
• Air-entrainment masks
• CPAP

Nasal Cannula Fill-in-the-Blank Card

• Nasal ______ — straight/curved, tapered/nontapered
• Various ______
• Use pressure-compensated ______ tube flow meter
• Adult flow: – L/min
• Infant flow: – L/min

Answer Key Card

• Nasal prongs
• Various sizes
• Use pressure-compensated Thorpe tube flow meter
• Adult flow: 1–6 L/min
• Infant flow: 0–2 L/min

SIMPLE MASK — Fill-in-the-Blank Card

Simple Mask

• ______ flow oxygen

• Flow rate: ______ L/min

• FᵢO₂ = ______ to ______

  • Depends on respiratory pattern

SIMPLE MASK — Answer Key

Simple Mask

• Low flow oxygen

• Flow rate: 5–10 L/min

• FᵢO₂ = 0.3 to 0.6

  • Depends on respiratory pattern

SIMPLE MASK (Details) — Fill-in-the-Blank Card

Simple Mask (Additional Info)

• Uses ______ FᵢO₂ than NC

• Use in ______ & post-op surgery

• Available in various ______

• Acts as a ______ → increases FᵢO₂

• Holes in mask allow inhalation of ______

• Minimum flow rate ______ L/min

SIMPLE MASK (Details) — Answer Key

Simple Mask (Additional Info)

• Uses higher FᵢO₂ than NC

• Use in ER & post-op surgery

• Available in various sizes

• Acts as a reservoir → increases FᵢO₂

• Holes in mask allow inhalation of room air

• Minimum flow rate 5 L/min

NONREBREATHING MASK — Fill-in-the-Blank Card

Nonrebreathing Mask

• ______ with one-way valves

  • Bag and ______

  • ______ ports

• Exhaled gases ______ enter reservoir

• Reservoir – mL (FᵢO₂ up to ______)

• Flow rate: – L/min

• Keep bag at least partially ______ during inspiration

NONREBREATHING MASK — Answer Key

Nonrebreathing Mask

• PRM with one-way valves

  • Bag and mask

  • Side ports

• Exhaled gases cannot enter reservoir

• Reservoir 300–500 mL (FᵢO₂ up to 1.0)

• Flow rate: 10–15 L/min

• Keep bag at least partially inflated during inspiration

BAG-VALVE MASK (BVM) — Fill-in-the-Blank Card

BVM — Inhalation

• You ______ the BVM

• Creates ______ pressure

• Airway structures & lungs get ______

• Increases size of the ______

• Pushes air ______ the lungs

BVM — Exhalation

• You ______ the BVM

• Releases ______ pressure

• Allows structures to return to resting ______

• Decreases size of the ______

• Pushes air ______

BVM — Answer Key

BVM — Inhalation

• You squeeze the BVM

• Creates positive pressure

• Airway structures & lungs get distended

• Increases size of the chest

• Pushes air into the lungs

BVM — Exhalation

• You release the BVM

• Releases positive pressure

• Allows structures to return to resting position

• Decreases size of the chest

• Pushes air out

BVM — Negative Effects — Fill-in-the-Blank Card

Negative Effects of PPV

• Decreasing ______ output / dropping ______ pressure

• Gastric ______

• Hyperventilation

  • ______ trauma

  • Hyperoxia / ______

BVM — Negative Effects — Answer Key

Negative Effects of PPV

• Decreasing cardiac output / dropping blood pressure

• Gastric distention

• Hyperventilation

  • Barotrauma

  • Hyperoxia / hypocapnia

BVM — Safety — Fill-in-the-Blank Card

BVM Safety

• Do NOT ventilate a patient who is ______ or has ______ in airway

  • PPV will force vomitus into ______

• Watch chest ______ and ______ with each ventilation

• Ensure rate of ventilation is sufficient

  • Adults: – breaths/min

  • Children: – breaths/min

BVM Safety — Answer Key

BVM Safety

• Do NOT ventilate a patient who is vomiting or has vomitus in airway

  • PPV will force vomitus into the lungs

• Watch chest rise and fall with each ventilation

• Ensure rate of ventilation is sufficient

  • Adults: 10–12 breaths/min

  • Children: 12–20 breaths/min

CPAP — Fill-in-the-Blank Card

CPAP

• Uses continuous ______ pressure to open alveoli for ______ exchange

• Great for:

  • ______ apnea

  • Bronchiole ______

  • Pulmonary ______

CPAP — Answer Key

CPAP

• Uses continuous positive pressure to open alveoli for gas exchange

• Great for:

  • Sleep apnea

  • Bronchiole constriction

  • Pulmonary edema

AIR ENTRAINMENT MASKS — Fill-in-the-Blank Card

Air Entrainment Masks

• ______ flow oxygen device

• Consist of mask, jet ______, & air-entrainment ______

• Flow rate depends on ______

• To achieve fixed FᵢO₂, flow must exceed patient’s ______ flow

AIR ENTRAINMENT MASKS — Answer Key

Air Entrainment Masks

• High flow oxygen device

• Consist of mask, jet nozzle, & air-entrainment ports

• Flow rate depends on FᵢO₂

• To achieve fixed FᵢO₂, flow must exceed patient’s inspiratory flow

AIR ENTRAINMENT MASKS (Principles) — Fill-in-the-Blank Card

• High velocity gas entrains ______ into mask

• Precise mixing of ______ & ______

• FᵢO₂ depends on nozzle size and size of entrainment ______

• Obstruction of entrainment ports / changes in flow rate affects ______

AIR ENTRAINMENT MASKS (Principles) — Answer Key

• High velocity gas entrains air into mask

• Precise mixing of air & oxygen

• FᵢO₂ depends on nozzle size and size of entrainment ports

• Obstruction of ports or flow rate changes affects FᵢO₂

AEROSOL MASKS — Fill-in-the-Blank Card

Aerosol Masks

• ______ mask

• ______ tents

• Tracheostomy ______

• ______ pieces

• Head ______

AEROSOL MASKS — Answer Key

Aerosol Masks

• Face mask

• Face tents

• Tracheostomy collars

• T-pieces

• Head hoods

Problems With Pts Wearing Masks Fill-in-the-Blank Card

Problems with patients wearing masks:
• Pt may complain of: _________, _________, _________
• _________ speech
• Difficulty _________ and _________
• Risk of _________ into the mask

Answer Key Card

Problems with patients wearing masks:
• Pt may complain of: claustrophobia, being “hot,” pain at site
• Muffled speech
• Difficulty eating and drinking
• Risk of vomiting into the mask

Slide 2 — Blenders Fill-in-the-Blank Card

Blenders:
• Mix _________ and _________
• Have flow meters (air + oxygen)
• Used with a _______
• Require psi source
• Have a control ____

Answer Key Card

Blenders:
• Mix air and oxygen
• Have 2 flow meters
• Used with a humidifier
• Require 50 psi source
• Have a control knob

Slide 3 — Oxygen Enclosures (Hoods, Tents) Fill-in-the-Blank Card

Oxygen Enclosures:
Hoods (over head):
• Oxygen delivered via _________ device
• Minimum FIO₂ = ________
• Must monitor O₂ due to _________ effect
• Minimizes heat loss, cold stress, ________

Tents (over bed):
• Used primarily for _________ patients
• FIO₂ less than ____, flows 8–12 L/min
• Must monitor temp & circulation

Answer Key Card

Oxygen Enclosures:
Hoods:
• Delivered via air-entrainment device
• Minimum FIO₂ varies (may need hood)
• Monitor O₂ due to layering effect
• Minimizes heat loss, cold stress, noise levels

Tents:
• For pediatric patients
• FIO₂ < 0.5
• Flows 8–12 L/min
• Must monitor temperature & circulation

Slide 4 — Oxygen Enclosures (Isolettes) Fill-in-the-Blank Card

Isolettes:
• Enclose _________
• Control oxygen, ________, and ________ (servo-controlled)
• O₂ delivered by _________ or _________
• Minimize CO₂ (requires 6–8 L/min for removal)
• Monitor oxygen due to _________ effect
• Avoid heat loss, cold stress, and high noise levels

Answer Key Card

Isolettes:
• Enclose infants
• Control oxygen, temperature, and humidity
• O₂ delivered by blender or nebulizer
• Minimize CO₂ (6–8 L/min removal)
• Monitor oxygen due to layering effect
• Avoid heat loss, cold stress, and noise

Hazards of Oxygen Therapy Fill-in-the-Blank Card

Hazards of Oxygen Therapy:
• A damaged tank can become a _________
• O₂ supports _________
• O₂ can saturate _________, _________, ________
• O₂ and _________ do not mix under pressure

Answer Key Card

Hazards of Oxygen Therapy:
• A damaged tank can become a missile
• O₂ supports combustion
• O₂ can saturate towels, sheets, clothing
• O₂ and oil do not mix under pressure

Medical Gas (Cracking the Cylinder) Fill-in-the-Blank Card

Cracking the Cylinder:
• Removes _________ particles
• Prevents _________
• Announce _________
• Rotate handle ¼ turn counterclockwise, then _________
• Expect a _________ noise

Answer Key Card

Cracking the Cylinder:
• Removes dust particles
• Prevents contamination
• Announce what you are doing
• Rotate handle ¼ turn counterclockwise, then clockwise
• Expect a loud noise

Liquid Oxygen Fill-in-the-Blank Card

Liquid Oxygen:
• Economical & _________
• Portable systems:
– Hold as much as an “” tank
– At low flow, lasts approx. hours
• Liquefied at –_________ °F
• 1 L liquid O₂ weighs 2.5 lb and produces ____ L of gaseous O₂
• Gas remaining = (weight × 860) / 2.5
• Duration = gas remaining / _________

Answer Key Card

Liquid Oxygen:
• Economical & portable
• Portable systems:
– Hold as much as an H tank
– Last ~11 hours at low flow
• Liquefied at –297.3°F
• 1 L = 2.5 lb and 860 L gas
• Gas remaining = (weight × 860) / 2.5
• Duration = gas remaining / flow rate

Zone Shut-Off Valves Fill-in-the-Blank Card

Zone Shut-Off Valves:
• Primary _________ valve
• Used in emergencies: fire, ________, or ________
• Valves are _________ together

Answer Key Card

Zone Shut-Off Valves:
• Primary shut-off valve
• Used during fire, maintenance, or construction
• Valves are grouped together