Abeka 8th grade Science Test 6 (Semester Exam) Chapters 1-6

A volcano consisting primarily of erupted volcanic ash and rock fragments held tighter loosely is a ________ volcano

cinder- cone

The upper layers of the ground stripped away by surface mining are the ___________

overburden

Some glaciers extend into the ocean without breaking to form___________

ice shelves

Which type fo weathering involves the breaking or peeling away of rock into layers

exfoliation

What is an alloy of iron and carbon?

steel

Wha tis the land that borders a river and is covered by river water in flood time

floodplain

The amount of matter in an object is the

mass

Man is classified as Homo__________

sapiens

What typos fo mountain formed when rocks on one side of a fault were forced upward and the rocks on the other side were forced downward?

fault-block

What is the narrow zone of active volcanoes that encircles the Pacific basin

Ring of Fire

What is the resistance of a smooth surface of a mineral to being scratched?

hardness

The larges group of minerals, which compose over 90% of the earths crust, are the ____________

silicates

What plant food element promotes the ripening of fruits

phosphorus

What is the upper surface of ground water

water table

lava that hardens into rough, jagged rocks with a crumbly or "blocky" texture is _________ lava.

aa

What deep-sea-fish living fossil was once thought to be the ancestor of the first amphibians?

coelacanth

What re crystalline substances found naturally in the earth?

minerals

A fan-shaped deposit of sediments at the mouth fo a river is a___________

delta

The sudden appearance of life in the fossil record is called the ____________

Cambrian explosion

Which australopithecine was known as "upright man"?

Homo erectus

Sandy, gently sloping underwater plain near a continent

continental shelf

underwater mountain range

mid-oceanic ridge

one of the deep depressions in the earth's surface where the oceans are contained

ocean basin

underwater mountain

seamount

beginning marked by shelf break

continental slope

one fo the huge, mud valleys that cut through portions of the abyssal plain

trench

large fissure in the continental shelf

submarine canyon

a pool of shallow, salty water at the center of an atoll

lagoon

a huge level region of the deep ocean floor

abyssal plain

Rhythmic back and forth motions of water that transfer energy are called __________

waves

Crystals are generally characterized by many flat surfaces called_________

faces

Oceanographers collect water samples from the ocean depths using _____________ bottles

Niskin

The process in which wind lifts particles for short distances then drops them abruptly is __________________

saltation

Movements of ocean water caused primarily by the moon are called ______________

tides

The study of earth is ___________

geology

The revolutionary submersible design invented by Auguste Piccard was the __________________

bathyscaphe

Gentle, rolling waves that appear even in calm weather are _______________

Swells

Seventy-eight percent of the salt in the ocean is ___________________________

sodium chloride

The region where cold, deep water meets sun-warmed surface water is the __________________-

thermocline

The earths rotation causes surface currents to move in circular paths called______________

gyres

A ________________ is a device with an open tube that is dropped to the sea floor, allowing its weight to puncture the sediment.

gravity corer

Huge chunks of floating glacial ice are _______________

icebergs

The process that beaks rocks down into soil is ______________

weathering

The study of fossil is ________________

paleontology

When water from heavy waves rapidly flows away from the shore through a gap in a sandbar, the water forms a _________________

rip current or riptide

Regions of the earth's surface where limestone is exposed and abundant are ______________ regions

karst

The deepest regions of the sea, with depths breather than 6000 meters (19,690 feet) are in the ___________ zone.

hadal

One idea that attempts to reconcile the Bible and evolution is ________________

theistic evolution

The deepest known point of the sea is the ______________

Challenger deep or Marianas Trench

A mineral test that leaves a line of powder on a plate is a ______________ test

streak

The most abundant element in the earths crust is _________________

oxygen

A low hill formed when a glacier overruns a moraine is a _____________

drumlin

When two rock layers are pushed violently together, causing the layers to buckle, _____________ mountains form.

folded

What is the red variety of corundum?

ruby

What device uses sound waves to detect underwater objects?

sonar

What is a warm surface current that flows in the Atlantic Ocean north of the equator?

Gulf Stream

What are large almond or teardrop -shaped pieces of ejecta formed when lava solidifies?

volcanic bomb

Halfway between the spring tides are weaker-than-normal tides called ________ tides

neap

What type of fold occurs when rocks buckle upward?

anticline

What hypothetical time scale supposedly charts both the earth's history and the sequence of the rock layers in the earth's crust?

geologic column

Emerald and aquamarine are two forms of what mineral

beryl

The amount of dissolved salt in seawater is _________

salinity

A theory that has never been proven false is a

law

What is a winding, looping curve in a river on flat ground?

meander

What typo fo mountain is formed when molten rock collects beneath an overlying rock layer, forcing the layer upward into a blister like structure?

domed

What theory states that the earth's crust and upper mantel consist of huge plates slowly drifting as a result of convection currents in the mantle?

plate tectonics

the daily or twice-daily period when the ocean levels are at their highest point is called _________ tide?

high

What is the fall belief that all geological processes have always proceeded at the same rate?

uniformitarianism

What metal is more valuable than gold or silver

platinum

What scale do chemists use to express acidity and basicity of substances?

pH

What is the study of the earth's oceans called?

oceanography

What percent of the earth's surface is covered by water?

seventy

Give the term for an upward-flowing current?

upwelling

What is the scientific term for water pressure?

hydrostatic pressure

What does scuba stand for

self-contained underwater breathing apparatus

What is the substance that makes up the physical world?

matter

What device serves a s a framework for many water collection bottles, allowing oceanographers to collect water from different depths

rosette

What is the point on the earths surface directly above an earthquakes focus

epicenter

What is the highest point of a wave?

crest

Who popularized evolution with his book On the Origin of Species?

Darwin