Chapter 12: DNA

Rosalind Franklin

________ used a technique called X- ray diffraction to get information about the structure of the DNA molecule.

thymine

DNA has four kinds of nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and ________.

Franklins X ray

The clues in ________ pattern allowed Watson and Crick to build a model that explained the specific structure and properties of DNA.

DNA

________ is a nucleic acid made up of nucleotides joined into long strands or chains by covalent bonds.

Cells

________ use a special enzyme called telomerase that makes it less likely that genes will be damaged or lost during replication of rapidly dividing ________.

Erwin Chargaff

________ and Rosalind Franklin both helped solve the puzzle of the structure of DNA.

Crick

Watson and ________ discovered that hydrogen bonds could form between certain nitrogenous bases.

Nucleotides

The building blocks of nucleic acids

Hershey

________ and Chase used a bacteriophage that had a DNA core and a protein coat to find out which part of the virus- the protein coat or the DNA core- entered bacterial cells.

eukaryotic cells

In ________, replication may begin in hundreds of places on the DNA molecule.

hydrogen bonds

Though ________ are fairly weak forces, they have just enough force to hold the two strands of DNA together.

DNA polymerase

The principal enzyme involved in DNA replication

DNA

The ________ that makes up genes must be capable of storing, copying, and passing on the genetic information in a cell.

Crick

Watson and ________ determined that DNA has the structure of a double helix that looks like a twisted ladder.

Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids and are made up of three basic parts

a 5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

DNA has four kinds of nitrogenous bases

adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

These bonds would form only between certain base pairs

adenine paired with thymine, and guanine paired with cytosine

Transformation

A process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria

Bacteriophage

A kind of virus that infects bacteria

Base pairing

The principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine

Replication

The process of copying DNA prior to cell division

Telomere

The repetitive DNA at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome

Viruses

Tiny, nonliving particles that can infect living cells