BIO 115 Final Exam 1 Organizers

These flashcards cover key concepts and terminology from Biology 115 for the final exam review.

Long Term Memory (LTM)

Permanent storage for information not being used at that moment.

Sensory Memory

Temporary storage from 5 senses, lasts less than 1 second for vision.

Short Term Memory (STM)

Brief storage of information currently being used, less than 20 seconds capacity of 7 +/- 2 memories.

Long Term Potentiation (LTP)

Cyclical process that facilitates learning and strengthens synaptic connections.

Neural Plasticity

The brain's ability to change and adapt after development.

Biosphere

Includes all living and nonliving things on Earth.

Ecosystem

All communities in a certain area, including living and nonliving factors.

Community

All different populations included in a certain area.

Cell

Basic unit of life that contains organelles.

Organelle

Structures within a cell, each with specific functions.

Atom

Smallest unit of chemical elements.

Chemical Bonding

Interactions between atoms that form molecules, includes ionic and covalent bonds.

Emergent Properties of Water

Properties such as cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, and less density in ice compared to liquid water.

Hydrogen Bonding

A type of bond that occurs between water molecules contributing to its properties.

Hydrophilic

Water-loving substances that dissolve in water.

Hydrophobic

Water-fearing substances that do not dissolve in water.

Functional Groups

Groups of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a molecule.

Monomers

Building blocks that join together to form polymers.

Dehydration Synthesis

Process of joining two molecules by removing water.

Hydrolysis

Process of breaking down a compound by adding water.

Photosynthesis

Process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Cell Respiration

Process that converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

Glycolysis

The first step of cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate.

Citric Acid Cycle

A key component of cellular respiration that processes acetyl CoA into NADH and FADH2.

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Series of protein complexes that transfer electrons and create a proton gradient for ATP synthesis.

ATP Synthase

Enzyme that generates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate during chemiosmosis.

Photosystem I

Part of photosynthesis that absorbs light best at 700 nm and produces NADPH.

Photosystem II

Part of photosynthesis that absorbs light best at 680 nm and produces ATP.

Calvin Cycle

Light-independent reactions of photosynthesis that convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

Ploidy

The number of sets of chromosomes in a cell's nucleus.

Diploid

Cells with two sets of chromosomes (2n), one from each parent.

Haploid

Cells with one set of chromosomes (n), like gametes.