Religion exam year 10 good cue cards

What are the gospels?

The Gospels are a literary genre in the Bible that tell the story of Jesus' life, teachings, death, and resurrection.

Which are the synoptic gospels?

Mark, Matthew and Luke

Who wrote the gospels? What order were they written?

Mark, Matthew, Luke, John.

Who was the intended audience for mark’s gospel?

Mark- Suffering Gentile Christian Community in Rome, being persecuted because they were blamed for the great fire in Rome during the reign of Nero.

Who was the intended audience for matthew’s gospel?

Matthew- Jewish christians to strengthen their beliefs that Jesus was the messiah, Christian community in Syria - Antioch.

Who was the intended audience for Luke’s gospel?

Luke- Non-jewish audience, which is why he had the fullest life story of Jesus out of the gospels.

Main themes or topics covered in Mark’s Gospel

Mark-

Jesus= suffering servant

Show’s jesus’ authority

The whole book is a declaration of Jesus' work

Main themes or topics covered in Matthew’s Gospel

Matthew-

Jesus= King of Jews

Emphasis on the teachings of jesus

Jesus fulfils the words of the Law + Prophets (basis on jewish faith)

Main themes or topics covered in Luke’s Gospel

Luke- 

Jesus= saviour for all

Educational: seeks to arrange details of Jesus’ life + ministry in order

Written by a non-jewish person for another non-jew.

‘Q’ source in the Gospels?

An unknown source attributed to Matthew and Luke known as quell.

It was used from a source that was not from Mark's gospel.

What do the words Gospel and Synoptic mean?

Gospel means good news of Jesus Christ.

Synoptic means same view.

What does the word Eucharist mean?

Thanksgiving

What are the types of TRUTH?

Theological (about god)

Symbolic (symbolic stories that explain truths)

Moral (certain principles lead to happiness)

Historic (what the past means for us now)

Scientific (From the scientific method - the bible was not written this way)

Proverbial (Short, memorable stories which are used to explain truths)

Connections between the Jewish faith and the Christian faith.

What are the connections between the Last Supper and the Seder Meal?

• They are both celebrated at the same time of the year.

• There is symbolic bread and wine in both meals.

• Jesus was a jew and was celebrating the seder meal with the apostles, which is why he was eating unleavened bread. 

Connections between the Jewish faith, Islamic faith and Christian faith

 Monotheism- All three believe in one God

Shared History- All trace spiritual roots back to Abraham

Prophets- All believe in prophets ( Moses in all 3; Jesus is a prophet in Islam, Messiah in Christianity).

Sacred Places- Jerusalem is important to all three religions.

Interfaith dialogue- What is this? Why is it important?

Communication and understanding between people from different major world religions.

It's important because it reduces conflict between religions, builds friendships between people of different faiths and promotes respect.

What is Nostra Aetate?

Means 'In our time'. The first two words were written by the second Vatican council, which encouraged being friendly and respecting other non christian religions.

Aimed to highlight that the Jewish people aren't to blame for Jesus' death. (Anti-semitism from WW2)

The 5 pillars of the Islamic faith

Prayer, fasting, almsgiving, faith, hajj.

The Eucharist: elements (stages in order)

1. Offertory – Bread and wine are brought to the altar
   
   

2. Consecration – The priest blesses the bread and wine
   
   

3. Transubstantiation – Catholics believe the bread and wine become the Body and Blood of Jesus
   
   

4. Communion – The congregation receives the bread and wine
   
   

5. Thanksgiving & Final Blessing – The Mass ends with prayer and blessing

The Eucharist: (where did it start)

Began at the Last Supper (Holy Thursday)
Jesus shared bread and wine with his disciples
He said:

• “This is my body” (bread)
  
  

“This is my blood” (wine)

The Seder Meal (Jewish)

Celebrated on the first night(s) of Passover

Remembers how God freed the Israelites from slavery in Egypt

Includes symbolic foods like matzah, bitter herbs, and lamb bone

The 9 Aspects of Faith

• Beliefs

- Rituals

- Ethics

- Texts

- Sacred stories

- Social structure

- SPAT (spaces, places, times and artefacts)

- Spiritual experience

- Symbols

9 Aspects of Faith at MSJ

Beliefs- the communion in the chapel

Rituals- Morning prayer

Ethics- posters hanging up on classroom walls- “kindness culture starts with you”

Texts- the bible

Sacred stories- The bible- contains many scared stories from the old and new testaments

Social structure- N/A

SPAT (spaces, places, times and artefacts)- The chapel: is a designated space and place for prayer, every week there is a service, has stained glass windows

Spiritual experience- posters hanging up outside the chapel- represent people's spiritual identities

Symbols- The cross hanging up in every classroom

Beliefs- Hinduism

5 Core beliefs of Hinduism

1. God is in everything, so everything is God

2. One God, many faces. Hindus believe in many different Gods, but they all really stem from one God, Brahman.

3. Dharma- do your duty

4. Karma- what you do today will affect your future

5. Reincarnation- after death, you will be re-born

Sacred Stories- Hinduism

• There are many narratives in Hinduism about the creation of the universe- this shows a rich variety within the religion.

• The most prominent is of Vishnu where a lotus flower with Brahma in it grew from his navel. Brahma is the creator of heaven, earth and the skies.

• Brahma opened his eyes, and from his thoughts, he created the world, the sky, land, sea, plants, animals, and people.

Spaces & Places- Hinduism

Space: Temples are the main sacred spaces. They are used for prayer, rituals, and connecting with the gods.

Place: The River Ganges- Hindus believe the river fell from its source of Vishnu’s feet onto Shiva’s head and out from his hair, the water of the Ganges is sacred enough to purify all sins.

Times- Hinduism

• Hindus celebrate many holy days, but the Festival of Lights, Diwali is the best known.

• Festivals and holy days- no set day of the week is holy, each day has it’s possibilities.

• Some numbered days of the month are more important than others. There are 125 special days in the Hindu year

Artifacts- Hinduism

• Most Hindus have a small shrine in their home where they can worship daily.

• The shrine will contain at least one image, of their gods, for example, Lord Ganesh or Lord Krishna.

• These images help the Hindu to focus on different aspects of God.

• Each shrine will also contain a tray which holds seven items. These items are used in the worship.

• they help the Hindu to use all their senses when they worship, as a symbol that the whole person is taken up with the worship.

Texts- Hinduism

• The main Hindu Texts are the Vedas and their supplements (books based on the Vedas).

• They include hymns, rituals, chants, and philosophical ideas.

• The texts guide how to live a good life, perform rituals, and understand the universe.

• Many scriptures discuss dharma

Spiritual experiences- Hinduism

• Feeling peace, devotion, or a deep connection to the divine

• Can happen during prayer, meditation, or visiting a temple

• Pilgrimages to holy places (like the Ganges River are powerful experiences

Ethics- Hinduism

• Karma - action or deeds

• Every action produces a justified effect based on its moral worthiness.

• Karma determines all the particular circumstances and situations of one's life.

• Dharma - ethical duty based on the divine order of reality.

Social Structures- Hinduism

There are priest and religious teachers in Hinduism, however there is no-one "at the top" like a Bishop or Pope, correcting false beliefs.

Symbols- Hinduism

• For Hindus, Aum/Ohm is the most sacred of symbols.

• It represents the physical and spiritual beliefs of Hinduism:

• the means and the goal of life,

• the world and the Truth behind it,

• the material and the Sacred,

• all form and the Formless.

Rituals- Hinduism

• Puja: daily worship at home or temple with prayers, offerings, and chanting

• Aarti: waving light in front of a deity as a sign of devotion

• Meditation and yoga: to calm the mind and connect with the divine

Reasons for the growth and decline in some religions in Australia

Immigration levels are increasing, bringing more people from Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism and Buddhism faiths.

Different types of Christianity are decreasing because of decreasing conservative values.

What are the symbols for the 5 main faiths we covered?      

Star of david, crescent moon and five pointed star, aum/ohm symbol, 8 auspicious symbols, khanda