Ana300 - Articulations and Axial Skeleton

Articulations

Where two bones meet

Not all articulations allow _______

movement

Articulations classified ________ or _______

structurally, functionally

Synarthroses allow _______

no movement

Amphiarthroses allow _______

little movement

Diarthroses allow _______

free movement

Fibrous synarthroses are joined by _________, ie. _____ and _____

dense irregular CT, suture, gomphosis (between tooth and gum)

Cartilagenous bones joined by ______ ie. _______ ()

cartilage, synchondrosis, epiphyseal plate of growing bone

Bony fusion ie:

Fusion of two bones

• Syntosis

• Skull

• Sacrum

• Hip bones

• Sternum

• Vertebrae

• Long bones

Fibrous amphiarthrosis joined by _____ or _____ ie.

ligament, band of CT, syndemosis, (distal tibiofibular joint)

Cartilaginous amphiarthrosis bones joined by ______ ie.. ()

wedge of cartilage, symphysis (intervertebral disk), symphysis pubis

Fibrous synarthrosis

Cartilaginous synarthrosis

Bony fusion

Fibrous amphiarthrosis

Cartilaginous amphiarthrosis

A-D

A: Joint capsule

B: Articular cartilage

C: Synovial membrane

D: Joint cavity

Fibrous joint capsule encloses _________

joint space

Synovial membrane encloses all ____, ______, and secretes _________

internal, nonarticular surfaces, synovial fluid

Joint cavity contains _____, is a _____, _____and a medium for _________

synovial fluid, lubricant, shock absorber, solute transfer between blood & cartilage

A-D

A: Articular discs/menisci

B: Fat pads

C: Tendons

D: Bursae

Purpose of articular discs

Stabilize joints

Fat pads accommodate _____

joint movement

_______ stabilize the joint

tendons

Bursae are sacs of ________ containing ________, facilitating ________

synovial membrane, synovial fluid, relative movement between structures

bursae can be ____ or ______

subcutaneous, subtendinous

When bursae are inflamed, causes ______

bursitis

____________ are thickenings of the joint capsule across certain aspects of the joint

intrinsic ligaments

__________ separate from joint capsule

extrinsic ligaments

Stability and mobility is influenced by (5)

• Shape of articulating surfaces

• Capsule

• Ligaments

• Tone of surrounding muscles

• Other tissues around the joint

Linear motion

Gliding

Angular motion

Uniaxial, biaxial, triaxial

Circumduction

Angular motion around 2 axes

ROtation

Angular motion around long axis

6 types of joints

• Gliding joint

• Hinge joint

• Pivot joint

• Ellipsoidal joint

• Saddle joint

• Ball and socket joint

Example of gliding joint

Intercarpal joint

Example of hinge joint

Elbow(uniaxial)

Example of pivot joint

Atlantoaxial joint (uniaxial)

Example of ellipsoidal joint 

Radiocarpal joint (biaxial)

Example of saddle joint

Metacarpal of thumb (biaxial)

Example of ball and socket joint

Shoulder (triaxial)

Axial skeleton includes (7)

• Skull

• Vertebral column

• 24 vertebrae

• Sacrum

• Coccyx

• 24 ribs

• 1 sternum

Appendicular skeleton consists of 

• Pectoral girdles & upper limbs

• Pelvic girdle & lower limbs

Skull includes _____ that form the cranium and ____ facial bones

8, 14

Internally, the _____ houses the brain

cranial cavity

externally, the cranium provides ________

muscular attachment

The cranium articulates inferiorly with the ________

vertebral column

Facial bones surround entrance to ____ and ______

digestive, respiratory tracts

Facial bones provide muscular attachment for muscles of ____ and _______

facial expression, mastication

A

Frontal bone

B

Supraorbotal foramen

C

Maxillae

D

Infraorbital foramen

E

Superior alveolar process

F

Nasal bones

G

Zygomatic bone

H

Mandible

I

Inferior alveolar process

J

Mental foramen

A-F

A: Frontal bone

B: Parietal bones

C: Coronal suture

D: Sagittal suture

E: Occipital bone

F: Lamboid suture

A-E

A: Parietal bones

B: Occipital bones

C; Lamboid suture

D: External occipital protuberance

E: Mandible

D

Maxilla

E

Nasal bone

G

Head of mandible

H

Zygomatic bone

I

Temporal process of ZB

J

Sphenoid bone

K

Temporal bone

A

Zygomatic process of TB

B

Squamous part

C

Squamous suture

D

Pterion (thinnest region of the skull)

E

External acoustic meatus

F

Temporomandibular joint

G

Mastoid process (mastoid air cells)

H

Styloid process

B

Occipital condyles (articulates with C1)

C

Parietal bones

D

Temporal bones

E

Mastoid process

F

Styloid process

G

Mandibular fossa

K

Sphenoid bone

L

Maxilla

M

Palatine process

N

Palatine bone

O

Vomer

A

Cranial cavity

B

Orbits

C

Nasal cavities

D

Frontal paranasal air sinus (not pictured)

E

Ethmoidal air cells (continuous with each other)

F

Maxillary (sphenoid) paranasal air sinus

G

Oral cavity

A

Frontal bone

B

Parietal bones

C

Occipital bone

D

Foramen magnum

E

Temporal bone

F

Squamous part