PHYPHAR LEC - Isotonicity & Qualitative Optical Properties

0.9% NaCl Description

Equivalent to the osmotic pressure of body fluids (body, tears, etc.)

Freezing Point Depression (ΔTf) Description

0.52 °C — blood’s freezing point depression standard

Other Term for 0.9% NaCl

• Normal Saline Solution (NSS)

• Physiologic Saline

• Isotonic Saline

Isotonic

Has the same osmotic pressure as body fluids → No cell shrinkage/swelling

Hypotonic

Lower osmotic pressure → Cells swell (water enters cells)

Hypertonic

Higher osmotic pressure → Cells shrink (water leaves cells)

Isoosmotic

Has equal osmotic pressure chemically, but may not be biologically isotonic

Concentration of Blood

0.52°C

Additive

This Type of Physical Property Depends on the Total contributions of atoms or constituents

Constitutive

This Type of Physical Property Depends on the Arrangement/type of atoms in the molecule

Colligative

This Type of Physical Property Depends on the Number of particles in solution

Refraction

Bending of light as it passes between media of different densities

Refractive Index

Ratio of velocity of light in air vs. in substance

Polarimeter

Measures optical activity (rotation of polarized light)