AP Biology Unit 2 Recap

1. Liver cells manufacture glycoproteins, while adipose cells store fat. Which of the following subcellular structures is likely to be more prominent in liver cells than in adipose cells? 
   

(A) Nucleus 

(B) Golgi apparatus 

(C) Cytoskeleton 

(D) Plasma membrane

B) Golgi Apparatus

1. Membrane-bound organelles have been an important component in the evolution of complex, multicellular organisms. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes?

(A) Eukaryotic cells are able to reproduce faster because of the presence of organelles.

(B) Some organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, are similar to prokaryotic cells in structure. 

(C) Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency.

(D) Compartmentalization leads to a higher mutation rate in DNA, which leads to more new species.

C) Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency.

1. Which of the following processes is most likely to occur as a result of an animal cell receiving a signal to initiate apoptosis?

(A) Ribosomes will translate mRNA to produce proteins. 

(B) Vesicles will release extracellular growth factors via exocytosis. 

(C) Lysosomes will release digestive enzymes into the cytosol. 

(D) Vacuoles will fuse with the cellular membrane.

C) Lysosomes will release digestive enzymes into the cytosol. 

1. A cell is treated with a drug that prevents the formation of new lysosomes. The cell continues to transcribe the genes that code for the hydrolytic enzymes that are normally found in lysosomes and continues to translate the mRNA for those proteins on membrane-bound ribosomes. The hydrolytic enzymes are most likely to accumulate in which of the following cellular structures? 
   

(A) Nucleus

(B) Mitochondrion 

(C) Smooth E. Reticulum 

(D) Golgi complex

D) Golgi complex

1. Mitochondria are found in most eukaryotic cells and contain their own DNA and ribosomes that are similar to those typical of many prokaryotic cells. Which of the following statements is justified by these observations? 

(A) The mitochondrion is the only location in which eukaryotic cells can synthesize ATP. 

(B) An ancestral cell most likely engulfed an anaerobic prokaryote in a relationship that proved beneficial for both cells. 

(C) Mitochondrial membranes provide abundant surface area for reactions because of the infoldings called cristae. 

(D) The mitochondrion plays a role in respiration, but it also stores the cell’s extra mRNA.

B) An ancestral cell most likely engulfed an anaerobic prokaryote in a relationship that proved beneficial for both cells. 

1. The function of which of the following organelles directly requires oxygen? 
   

(A) Ribosome 

(B) Mitochondrion 

(C) Nucleus 

(D) Centriole

B) Mitochondrion 

1. Which of the following groups of cellular components are found in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells?

(A) Ribosomes, a nucleus, and chloroplasts 

(B) Circular chromosomes, mitochondria, and an endoplasmic reticulum 

(C) A nucleus, ribosomes, and cell walls 

(D) An endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and a nucleus

D) An endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and a nucleus

1. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common? 

(A) A cell wall made of cellulose 

(B) Ribosomes 

(C) Flagella or cilia that contain microtubules

(D) Linear chromosomes made of DNA and protein

C) Flagella or cilia that contain microtubules