The Women of Britain, the Great War, Propaganda, Conscientious Objectors, Casualties and Death

Flashcards about the Women of Britain, the Great War, Propaganda, Conscientious Objectors, Casualties and Death

Why did Scots volunteer to fight in the war?

Scots volunteered due to propaganda, economic necessity, sense of adventure, peer pressure, racism, and local loyalties.

What were Pals Battalions?

Men could sign up to fight alongside family or those from the same town.

What was the purpose of giving a white feather to men?

Women were encouraged to pressure men into service, such as by giving them a white feather.

What contributed to the wave of patriotism in Scotland?

Patriotic appeal of slogans, a proud military tradition in Scotland, and images in media.

From which areas did The Cameronians and Royal Scots recruit?

The Cameronians recruited from Glasgow and Lanarkshire, while the Royal Scots attracted men from Edinburgh.

What caused trench foot?

Wearing poorly fitting boots, constant exposure to freezing mud and water.

What are the symptoms of Shell Shock?

Anxiety, nightmares, severe guilt, sickness, blindness, and deafness were symptoms.

Why were men given strict rations?

Strict rations were given to soldiers due to food shortages in Britain.

Describe the war of attrition.

Battles lasted for months as each side tried to wear the other down to achieve a breakthrough.

What was the pattern of attacks in the trenches?

Artillery bombardment, going over the top, taking the enemy trench, followed by a counter-attack.

What were the advantages of gas?

Blind the enemy, attack by surprise, and kill enemy troops.

What were the disadvantages of gas?

Invention of gas masks and wind changes.

What were the advantages of Machine Guns?

Kill hundreds of men at once, fire 400-600 rounds per minute, and defend troops.

What were the disadvantages of Machine Guns?

Required 4 men to operate, could overheat and jam, and were heavy.

What were the advantages of Heavy Artillery?

Fire long distances, destroy enemy trenches, and destroy barbed wire defences.

What were the disadvantages of Heavy Artillery?

Accidentally fire on own troops and cause shell shock.

What were the advantages of aircraft?

Drop bombs on the enemy and aerial photography.

What were the disadvantages of aircraft?

Lack of understanding of aerial warfare and weather's relation to flight operations.

What were the advantages of tanks?

Good shielding defence, fitted with guns, bulletproof, and ability to cross no-man's land.

What were the disadvantages of tanks?

Slow moving, got stuck in the mud, likely to breakdown, and sulphur poison.

What was prohibited under the Defence of the Realm Act (DORA)?

No talking about military matters, spreading rumors, buying binoculars, trespassing on railway lines, lighting bonfires, giving bread to animals, using invisible ink, ringing church bells.

What powers did the government have under the Defence of the Realm Act (DORA)?

Government could take over any land, factory, or workshop, censor newspapers, introduce British Summer Time, cut opening hours in pubs, water down beer, and prohibit buying a round of drinks.

What foods were rationed in Scotland?

Sugar was first, then butcher meat, with price controls at the end of the war.

What measures were taken to address food shortages in Scotland?

Rationing introduced by April 1918 and town councils allocated land for growing vegetables.

What was the purpose of propaganda during the war?

Propaganda was used to gain support for the war effort, encourage men to enlist, urge women to take up men's jobs, and promote food conservation.

What were the terms of the Military Service Act regarding conscription?

The Military Service Act introduced conscription of single men aged 19-40 in January 1916, extended to married men by May 1916, and men up to 50 by 1918.

What exemptions were there from conscription?

Physical/mental unfitness, reserved occupation, or financial/domestic hardship.

List the types of Conscientious Objectors.

Religious objectors, pacifists, and political objectors.

What was the Scottish casualty rate in WWI?

26% compared to 11% in the British army overall.

What jobs did Scottish women perform during the war?

Over 30,000 women were employed making munitions in Scotland, conductors on trams and buses, typists and secretaries, and nearly 200,000 in government departments.

Which industries were vital for the war effort in Scotland?

Coal mining, steel, shipbuilding, and textiles.

Where was the most important center of shipbuilding in Britain?

The Clyde was the most important center of shipbuilding in Britain, employing 100,000 workers.

What led to the post-war decline of heavy industry?

Reliance on war orders, lack of investment in new technology, world trade damage, foreign competition, and industrial action.

Why did industrial action occur?

Workers were unhappy with working conditions, hours, and pay.

How did the war impact the jute industry?

During the war demand soared for jute, after the war production moved to Calcutta.

What challenges did the East coast fishing industry face after the war?

Rising fuel costs and needed to repair and re-equip boats after war service.

How did farmers profit during the war?

Wool sheared from sheep to produce uniforms and army blankets.