Charles I 1625-9 Deterioration of relationship with Parliament

Death of James VI & I

27 March 1625

Marriage of Charles and Henrietta Maria

3 May 1625

Benjamin Rudeyerd quotes

1625 - “prince bred in parliaments”

1628 - “crisis of parliaments”

Charles’s First Parliament

June 1625

Supply given during Charles’s first Parliament

2 subsidies voted, tonnage and poundage granted by Commons for one year only but not passed through Lords

Charles has to collect money of tonnage and poundage without parliamentary consent

What happened in Charles’s continuation of 1st Parliament in Oxford

August 1625

Supply refused

Buckingham attacked for monopolizing power, mismanaging royal finances, failing as Lord Admiral

Cadiz Expedition

September - November 1625

Miserable failure, troops died from disease

Charles 2nd Parliament

February - June 1626

Promise of 4 subsidies on the condition of redress of grievances.

Attempted impeachment of Buckingham

Eliot and Digges imprisoned for outspoken criticism of Buckingham

Became clear to Charles that no supply would be given without the impeachment of Buckingham

Parliament was dissolved

Levying of Forced Loan

September 1626

Equivalent to 5 subsidies

Amount of Forced Loan paid

£240,000 of the £300,000

War Declared with France due to Buckingham’s clumsy diplomacy

January 1627.

Now fighting the two great Catholic powers.

Buckingham’s expedition to the island of Rhé off La Rochelle

June - November 1627

Abject failure, Forced Loan squandered

Five Knights’ Case

November 1627

5 knights challenged the legality of being imprisoned without given cause ‘habeas corpus’. Imprisoned for refusing the ‘Forced Loan’

Charles orders Attorney-General, Sir Robert Heath, to change the ruling from interim to a firm precedent

Charles’s 3rd parliament

March 1628 - March 1629

Charles accepts Petition of Rights. Contents of Petition of Rights.

June 1628

King agrees to not raise taxation without Parliament’s consent, imprison subjects without showing cause.

Richard Montagu appointed Bishop of Chichester

July 1628

3rd Parliament grants supply

June 1628, 5 subsidies passed

3rd Parliament first session grievances

Remonstrances against Buckingham and his conduct in war

“grievance of all grievances”

Remonstrance against tonnage and poundage, which was collected without Parliamentary consent.

Duke of Buckingham assassinated

August 1628

William Laud made Bishop of London

July 1628

Charles imprisons those who refuse to pay tonnage and poundage

During summer of 1628, ordered merchants who refused to pay tonnage and poundage to be imprisoned.

Including, MP John Rolle

2nd session of 3rd Parliament

January - March 1629

Resolutions on Religion against Arminianism, Tonnage and Poundage.

MPs believed the continued collection of Tonnage and Poundage went against the Petition of Right

Passed while Speaker put under restraint by Holles and Valentine

3rd parliament dissolved

10 March 1629 due to a minority of “ill affected individuals”