Strawberries at the Crossroads: Management of Soilborne Diseases in California Without Methyl Bromide

Flashcards in a question and answer format.

Verticillium wilt

A major limiting factor in strawberry production in California in the 1950s and the main reason that preplant soil fumigation with methyl bromide (MB) was developed.

Methyl Bromide (MB)

Successfully used to control soilborne diseases of strawberry in the late 1950s.

Chloropicrin

Improve the efficacy and pest spectrum of MB when used in combination.

Methyl Bromide (MB)

The California strawberry industry was deeply concerned with the prospect of growing strawberries without this fumigant.

2014

The Cal Poly Strawberry Center was formed in what year?

Chloropicrin

Application of this to soil controlled Verticillium wilt, resulting in a twofold increase in yield in 1953.

Methyl Bromide (MB)

What was added to the list of substances that deplete the ozone layer in 1990?

Quarantine and preshipment (QPS)

What authorizes MB use to control the introduction or spread of any new pest within the United States?

Macrophomina charcoal rot and Fusarium wilt

What two new diseases emerged in California and elsewhere as MB phased out?

MB Transition Program

What program did the USDA create in 2000 to fund research on MB alternatives?

Vapam HL, K-Pam HL

MITC generators are available as stabilized aqueous solutions under what trade names?

Allyl isothiocyanates (AITC)

What is considered to have the highest fungicidal toxicity on fungal pathogens compared with other isothiocyanates?

Methyl iodide (iodomethane)

What fumigant has efficacy similar to that of MB, but it is not an ozone-depleting substance?

Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS)

What MB alternative fumigant does not deplete ozone and has a very strong odor described as pungent garlic, propane, or decaying fish?

Ethanedinitrile (EDN)

What was first approved as a preplant soil fumigant for both strawberry plant and strawberry fruit production fields in Australia in 2018 and has not been registered in the United States?

Totally impermeable film (TIF)

What film was introduced in 2009?

Anaerobic soil disinfestation

What does ASD stand for?

Crop rotation

What is a classic method of soilborne disease management adopted in strawberry production?

Crop termination

What is used to reduce inoculum build-up and dissemination due to tillage of infected strawberry plants after harvest?

Their resistance to soilborne diseases.

What are existing cultivars increasingly selected for?