PLPA 3001 Lab test two prep

Ascomycetes

sac fungi

Ascomycetes fruiting bodies

• Cleistothecium

• Perithecium

• Chasmothecium

• Apothecium

Cleistothecium

Cleistothecium

Perithecium

Perithecium

Chasmothecium

Chasmothecium

Apothecium

Apothecium

Ascospore

Ascomycete sexual spores

Conidia, Conidium

Ascomycete asexual spores

Perfect stage

Ascomycete sexual reproduction

Imperfect stage

Ascomycete asexual reproduction

Magnaporthe oryzae

PCR

Polymerase chain reaction

PCR process

1. Denaturing

   1. Break the H-bonds to produce two single-stranded DNA templates

2. Annealing

   1. Lower temperature usually to 50-60 to allow annealing of primers with the template. Recombine DNA into double-stranded form

3. Extension

   1. Raise temperature to 72. Polymerization occurs. Monomers combine to form long chains called polymers

PCR components

DNA sample, primers, nucleotides, Taq polymerase, mix buffer, PCR tube.

Gel electrophoresis

DNA sorted by size using an electric field. Negatively charged DNA attracted to positive end. Small molecules move further than larger molecules

Viruses

Very small. PCR and ELISA common ID methods. TMV immunostrip

Aphid transmission

Stylet borne (non-persistent)

Persistent circulative

Persistent propagative

DNA polymerase

Produces an accurate complementary strand of DNA from a beginning template strand

ITS

Internal Transcribed Spacer of rDNA

+SSrNA

Most plant viruses. Positive sense single-stranded

Virus

Infectious, obligate, intracellular parasite comprising genetic material (DNA or DNA) surrounded by a protein coat, sometimes a membrane

Virus Mosaic

Virus mosaic

Virus fruit deformation

Virus fruit deformation

Vein clearing

Vein clearing

Leaf mottle

Leaf mottle

Necrosis

Necrosis

Ringspot

Ringspot

ELISA

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ability of an antibody to recognize a certain protein antigen

Six nematode stages

• Egg

• J1-J4

• Adult

Spiral nematode

Spiral nematode

Dagger nematode

Dagger nematode

Ring nematode

Ring nematode

Reniform nematode

Giant cell

Caused by root knot nematode