(CSD 475) Speech Science - Chapter 2: Describing and Explaining Motion

Force

a push or pull; measured by the effect on the object

Speed

the distance an object travels relative to time; represents the relationship b/w distance and time

Velocity

speed occurring in a specific direction

Momentum

the product of mass and velocity, a increase in the mass or velocity will increase momentum proportionately

Acceleration

change in velocity as a function of time

Newton's 1st Law of Motion

an object in/at motion/rest will stay in/at motion/rest unless acted upon by an outside force

Inertia

the tendency for something to resist a change in motion

Newton's 2nd Law of Motion

the larger the force = greater the acceleration; the larger the mass = weaker the acceleration

Newton's 3rd Law of Motion

for every action (force) there is an equal and opposite reaction (think kinetic and potential)

How are momentum, deceleration, and acceleration related to Newton's Laws of Motion?

Energy

the ability to do work (to exert force over a distance)

Kinetic Energy vs. Potential Energy

energy of motion vs. energy waiting to be released (think Newton's Laws

Work (formula)

(W)ork = (F)orce x (d)isplacement [in meters]

Power (+ formula)

the rate work is done at; Power = Work/time

Stiffness

the degree to which an object resists being deformed

Elasticity

how an object springs back into its original shape when forces are removed

Hooke's Law

the change in length is proportional to the force applied to it

Pressure

the force exerted by colliding air molecules as they collide against a container and the opposite force exerted back by the container

Methods of measuring Pressure

What is the most practical way of measuring pressures relative to speech production?

Kilopascal (kPa)