Holistic-Dynamic Theory

holistic-dynamic theory

assumes that the whole person is constantly being motivated by one need or another

holistic-dynamic theory

assumes that people have the potential to grow toward self-actualization

self-actualization

attained when people must satisfy lower level needs such as hunger, safety, love, and esteem

1st force

FORCES IN PSYCHOLOGY:

psychoanalysis and its modifications

2nd force

FORCES IN PSYCHOLOGY:

behaviorism and its various forms

3rd force

FORCES IN PSYCHOLOGY:

theories of (humanistic + biological?) Maslow, Gordon Allport, Carl Rogers, Rollo May, and others

holistic approach

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS:

the whole person, not any single part or function, is motivated

motivation is usually complex

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS:

person's behavior may spring from several separate motives and it may be unconscious or unknown to the person

continually motivated

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS:

When one need is satisfied, it ordinarily loses its motivational power and is then replaced by another need

same basic need

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS:

manner in which people in different cultures obtain basic needs ay vary widely, but the fundamental needs are common to the entire species

hierarchy of needs

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS:

first proposed by a consulting psychologist in a business journal nearly 20 years after Maslow proposed the hierarchy

hierarchy of needs

concept that assumes that lower level needs must be at least relatively satisfied before higher level needs become motivators

conative needs

needs that compose the hierarchy have a striving or motivational character

basic needs

conative needs AKA

prepotency

lower level needs has this more than higher level needs

psychological health

what the satisfaction of aesthetic and cognitive needs are consistent with

pathology

what the deprivation of aesthetic and cognitive needs leads to

pathology

what neurotic needs lead to, satisfied or not

unconscious motivation

underlies the behavior of reversed order of needs

unmotivated behavior

BEHAVIOR:

caused by other factors such as conditioned reflexes, maturation, or drugs

expressive behavior

BEHAVIOR:

the person's mode of expression

expressive behavior

BEHAVIOR:

unmotivated, unlearned, spontaneous, determined by forces within the person

coping behavior

BEHAVIOR:

always motivated and aimed at satisfying a need

expressive behavior

BEHAVIOR:

often an end in itself, serves no other purpose than to be, unconscious, takes place naturally and with little effort

expressive behavior

BEHAVIOR:

slouching, looking stupid, being relaxed, showing anger, and expressing joy

expressive behavior

BEHAVIOR:

can continue even in the absence of reinforcement or reward

expressive behavior

BEHAVIOR:

include one's gait, gestures, voice, smile (even when alone), art, play, enjoyment, appreciation, wonder, awe, and excitement

coping behavior

BEHAVIOR:

ordinarily conscious, effortful, learned, and determined by the external environment

coping behavior

BEHAVIOR:

serves some aim or goal (although not always conscious or known to the person)

coping behavior

BEHAVIOR:

always motivated by some deficit need

metapathology

result of the deprivation of self-actualization needs

metapathology

absence of values, the lack of fulfillment, and the loss of meaning in life

instinctoid needs

some human needs are innately determined even though they can be modified by learning

instinctoid needs

species-specific, persistent, and their satisfaction leads to psychological health

instinctoid needs

can be molded, inhibited, or altered by environmental influences and are weaker than cultural forces

noninstinctoid needs

needs that do not produce pathology when frustrated

noninstinctoid needs

usually temporary and their satisfaction is not a prerequisite for health