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Marbury v Madison (1803)

Established judicial review; strengthened the power of the Supreme Court.

McCulloch v Maryland (1819)

Confirmed national supremacy and the implied powers of Congress; states cannot tax federal entities.

Gibbons v Ogden (1824)

Broadened the interpretation of the Commerce Clause; allowed Congress to regulate interstate commerce.

Plessy v Ferguson (1896)

Established "separate but equal," legitimizing racial segregation.

Brown v Board of Education (1954)

Overturned Plessy, declaring school segregation unconstitutional; started desegregation.

Brown v Board, 2nd (1955

Mandated desegregation in schools with "all deliberate speed."

Miranda v Arizona (1966)

Established Miranda rights; suspects must be informed of their rights before interrogation.

Roe v Wade (1973)

Legalized abortion nationwide under the right to privacy.

Griswold v Connecticut (1965)

Established the right to privacy, setting a precedent for Roe v. Wade.

Korematsu v U.S. (1944

Upheld internment of Japanese Americans during WWII.

Schenck v U.S. (1919)

Established the "clear and present danger" test, limiting free speech during wartime.

Gitlow v New York (1925)

Began the process of applying the Bill of Rights to the states (incorporation).

Near v Minnesota (1931)

Protected newspapers from prior restraint.

Roth v United States (1957)

Defined obscenity, which is not protected under the First Amendment.

Texas v Johnson (1989

Protected flag burning as symbolic speech under the First Amendment.

NY Times v Sullivan (1964)

Protected press freedom by requiring proof of "actual malice" in libel cases involving public figures.

Weeks v U.S. (1914)

Established the Exclusionary Rule, barring illegally obtained evidence in federal courts.

Mapp v Ohio (1961)

Extended the Exclusionary Rule to state courts.

Gideon v Wainwright (1963)

Guaranteed the right to counsel for indigent defendants in criminal cases.

Escobedo v

Established the right to counsel during police interrogations.

U.S

Limited executive privilege, reinforcing that the President is not above the law.

Clinton v

Struck down the line-item veto as unconstitutional.

Bush v

Resolved the 2000 presidential election using the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause.

U.S

Limited Congress's power under the Commerce Clause for the first time in decades.

Bakke v

Outlawed strict racial quotas but allowed race to be one factor in college admissions.

Gratz v

Banned point-based systems in affirmative action but allowed race to be considered holistically in admissions.

Grutter v

Clarified affirmative action, allowing race to be considered holistically in admissions.

Lemon v

Established the "Lemon Test" for determining violations of the Establishment Clause.

Miller v

Redefined obscenity and set new standards for what constitutes it.

Planned Parenthood v

Upheld Roe v. Wade but allowed more state regulations on abortion.