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action potential
An electrical signal that moves down the neuron's axon.
adrenal gland
Sits atop our kidneys and secretes hormones involved in the stress response.
agonist
A drug that mimics or strengthens the effects of a neurotransmitter.
all-or-none phenomenon
The principle that an incoming signal from another neuron is either sufficient or insufficient to reach the threshold of excitation.
allele
A specific version of a gene.
amygdala
A structure in the limbic system involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories.
antagonist
A drug that blocks or impedes the normal activity of a given neurotransmitter.
auditory cortex
A strip of cortex in the temporal lobe responsible for processing auditory information.
autonomic nervous system
Controls our internal organs and glands.
axon
The major extension of the soma (cell body) that transmits signals away from the cell.
biological perspective
A view that psychological disorders like depression and schizophrenia are associated with imbalances in one or more neurotransmitter systems.
Broca’s area
A region in the left hemisphere essential for language production.
central nervous system (CNS)
Composed of the brain and spinal cord.
cerebellum
A hindbrain structure that controls balance, coordination, movement, and some types of memory.
cerebral cortex
The outer surface of the brain associated with our highest mental capabilities.
chromosome
Long strands of genetic information.
computerized tomography (CT) scan
An imaging technique that takes a number of x-rays of a particular section of a person's body.
corpus callosum
The thick band of neural fibers connecting the brain's two hemispheres.
dendrite
Branch-like extensions of the soma that receive incoming signals from other neurons.
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
A helix-shaped molecule made of nucleotide base pairs.
diabetes
A disease related to insufficient insulin production.
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