the leaf

leaf scar

when a leaf falls from the plant it leaves a what

stipules

in diciots a pair of foliaceous or membranaceous or variously shaped process founf one on each side of the base of the leaf stalk

stipulate

leaf is called what if the stipules are present

exstiputale

leaf if the stipules are absent or *wanting*

ocreate

the stipules may be modified as prickles or tendrils or they may sheath the stem

petiole

leaf stalk is called a ___ when it is more or less round in cross section as in dicos

leaf-sheath

leaf stalk when it is flattened with its base or the entire leaf-stalk partly or completely encircling or sheating the stem as in monocots

ligule

some monocot leaves have flattened, toungue like process _____ found on the ineer side at the junction of the petiole

adaxial

upper surface of the leaf (towards the body axis)

abaxial

lower surface of the leaf (away from the body axis)

base

lower end of the blade attached to the leaf-stalked

tip

opposite end of the base

margin

outer edges of the blade

midrib

running along the center of the blade from base to tip from which smaller veins

lateral veins or nerves

branch off into the blade producing branches in turn

anastomosing

connecting blades with each other?

\- refers to the branching pattern of veins in leaves, where the veins interconnect and diverge to form a network of channels.

veinlets or nervules

ultimate divisions of the veins

venation

arrangement of vein

simple

leaf is ___ whhen the blade is of one piece regardless how much it may be cut up

compound

leaf is ___ when the blade is divided into two or more separate parts called **leaflets** with stalks called **petiolules**

rachis

extension of the petiole above the lowest leaflets in compound leaves

stipels

some compound leaves have their leaflets or petiolules subtended by variously shaped usually small appendages corresponding to the stipules of the leaves

stipellate

leaflets are ____ when stipels are present

exstipellate

leaflets are ____ when stipels are absent

cauline

leaf insertion when they are attached on the aerial stem

radical

leaf insertion when the leaves or the flowers are borne on a short stem with short internodes close to the ground in acaulescent plants

rosulate

radical leaves that are spread in a circle on the ground forming **rosette**

sessile

leaf without leaf stalk

amplexicaul or stem clasping

sessile leaves when the leaf base clasps the stem

perfoliate

sessile leaves when the lobes meet aroung the stem so that the blade appears as though it were pierced by the stem

decurrent

sessile leaves when the lower edges of the leaf extend downward along the stem as ridges or wings

sheathing

sessile leaves when the base of the blade is attached more or less encircling the stem

parallel venation

venation when the apparent veins run parallel to each other not dividing and subdividing to form meshes

netted venation

venation when the apparent veins branch and rebranch into finer and finer veinlets which unite with each other to form apparent meshes

simple parallel

parallel veined leaves when the veins run from the base or near the base to the apex

pinnate parallel

parallel veined leaves when the vein run from the midrib to the margins

pinnately netted

netted veined leaves when major veins run from the side of the midrib to the margins

palmately netted

in peltate leaves, radiately nerved

netted veined leaves when several equally strong veins radiate from the top of the petiole

obsolete or wanting

when the nerves are obscurred and not evident to the naked eye

linear

leaf shape when very narrow with nearly parallel margins and several times longer than wide

lanceolate

leaf shape when shaped more or less like a lance, three, or more times as long as wide broadest below and tapering upward or both upward and downward

oblanceolate

reverse of lanceolate widest above the middle and tapering downward

oblong

leaf shape when two or three times as long as wide, the sides nearly parallel and not conspicuoulsy narrowed

elliptic

leaf shape when shaped like an ellpse, broadest at the middle, tapering more or less equally to the base and tip, the width not distinctly more than one half of the length

oval

leaf shape when somewhat like elliptic but the width distinctly more than one half of the length

ovate

leaf shape when twice or less as long as wide, widest below the middle, and more or less narrowed upward

obovate

the reverse of ovatem widest above the middle and tapering downward

orbicular

leaf shape when circular in outline

spandulate

leaf shape when narrow, more or less rounded above and tapering from near the apex to the base

cuneate

leaf shape when broad above tapering by nearly straight lines to the base

falcate

leaf shape when more or less curve

flabellate

leaf shape when broad and rounded at the top narrowed below like a fan

deltoid

leaf shape when broad below tapering upwards and shaped like a triangle

reniform

leaf shape when broader than long, shaped somewhat like a kidney

rounded

leaf apex when it is broad and semicircular in outline

truncate

leaf apex when it is cut off square or nearly so

acute

leaf apex when it is ending in acute angle with the sides straight

acuminate

leaf apex when it is pointed but tapering lines incurved

obtuse

leaf apex when it is blunt or narrowly rounded

retuse

leaf apex when it is slightly notched at the apex

emarginated

leaf apex when prominently notched at the apex

obcordate

leaf apex with a sinus and two-rounded lobes

cuspidate

leaf apex tipped with a cusp or sharp point

mucronate

leaf apex abruptly tipped by a small short point

aristate

leaf apex when the mucronate point is longer and more or less bristle like

caudate

leaf apex similar to aristate but the appendage broader and not bristle-like

cordate

base of the leaf when the outline of its rounded base is turned in forming a sinus where the petiole is attached

auricled

leaf base when with a pare of small projections at the base

sagitate

leaf base when the ears or lobes are acute and turned downwards

hastate

leaf base when the acute basal lobes point outwards

oblique

leaf base when the two sides of the base are unequal or not at the same level

peltate

leaf base with the petiole attached to the lower surface and towards the center of the blade some distance from the base, the ribs or veins of the leaf radiating from the point of insertion, the leaf appearing like an umbrella

entire

leaf margin that is even without teeth or indentations

serrate

leaf margin with sharp teeth pointing forward (towards the tip) like the teeth of a saw

serrulate

leaf margin which is the diminutive of serrate

denate

leaf margin with sharp teeth pointing outward not forward

denticulate

leaf margin which is the diminutive of denate

crenate

leaf margn with rounded teeth

crenulate

leaf margin which is the diminutive of crenate

repand or undulate

leaf margin with a wavy margin

sinuate

leaf margin that is strongly undulate

incised or cut

leaf margin with deep sharp irregular teeth

cleft

leaf margin almost like lobed but the incisions extend more than halfway to the midrib

parted

leaf margins with the incisions extending nearly to the midrib

divided

leaf margins with the incisions extending quite to the midrib

ternate

simple palamate compound leaf that have the leaflets attached to the tip of the petiole and when there are only three leaflets

biternate

two division of ternately leaf

equitant

with the leaves more or less vertical each leaf overlapping the next as if they were folded together lengthwise

plicate

folded into pleats like a fan

acicular

very slender and sharp-like needles

fleshy

consistence is thick and soft

succulent

consistence is with more juice

coriaceous

consistence is firm or tough like leather

chartaceous

consistence if paper like in texture

membranaceous

consistence is thin and more or less flexible

tuberculate

consistence is covered with small wart like projections

muricate

consistence is with protuberances that are hard and pointed

echinate

consistence is with projections that are stiffer and longer almost awn like

indumentums

covering of leaves

pubescent

covering with fine soft hairs