Ethical Decision Making

Ethical decision-making

• crucial aspect of human interaction and governance, influencing personal choices, societal norms, and environmental policies.

• requires individuals to evaluate their actions

Personal Level

involves individuals making choices relative on their moral values(like honesty)and principles

Societal Level

• it affects how the laws and policies will take form.

• Government policies implemented to reflect moral considerations, like human rights, justice, and fairness(economic)

Environmental Level

• influences on sustainability

• projects of individuals and corporations considers the long term effects of their actions on the planet and future generations.

concept of the individual as a cross-point

Created by Ramon Reyes

Physical Level

you're the part of the universe since it's conception as well as part of every physical things that has existed.

Interpersonal Level

you're (present) the product of your interaction of your mother and your father's personal lines of events, which by turn the product of your interaction with your family, as well as your friends.

Societal Level

cross point of social traits. for example, you being Filipino. some of the Filipino traits you inherit effects your decision making.

Historical Level

you're the product of historical lines of events. certain things happened leading to you to be born or to be the way you are right now.

Individual Level

you're unique individual yourself. you're the crystallization of who you were, who you are, who you want to be, and who you will be.

Lawrence Kohlberg

• HE created the Theory of Moral Development

• established a thorough stage theory of moral development in 1958, building on Jean Piaget's theory of moral judgment for children (1932).

• focuses on the thought process that occurs while determining whether a behavior is right or wrong.

Stage 1 (Obedience and Punishment)

• Obeying the rules is important because it is a way to avoid punishment

• Level 1. Preconventional Morality

Stage 2 (Individualism and Exchange)

• children account for individual points of view and judge actions based on how they serve individual needs

• Level 1. Preconventional Morality

Stage 3 (Developing Good Interpersonal Relationships)

• focused on living up to social expectations and roles

• Level 2. Conventional Morality

Stage 4 (Maintaining Social Order)

• focus is on maintaining law and order by following the rules, doing one’s duty, and respecting authority

• Level 2. Conventional Morality

Stage 5 (Social Contract and Individual Rights)

• Level 3. Postconventional Morality

• people in the next stage to begin to account for the differing values, opinions, and beliefs of other people

Stage 6 (Universal Principles)

• Level 3. Postconventional Morality

• based on universal ethical principles and abstract reasoning.

Ramon Reyes

• Created the Concept of the individual as a cross-point

• A moral agent is someone who may differentiate between right and wrong and is accountable for his or her own acts. Moral agents have an ethical responsibility to prevent unreasonable harm.

moral deliberation

• defined as the detection, filtering, and weighing (consciously or unconsciously) of relevant moral principles,heuristics, or concepts that identify morally relevant features and thereby create a "moral context."

Identifying the Ethical Problem

Step 1 in Identifying the Ethical Problem

What are the Relevant Facts?

Step 2 in Identifying the Ethical Problem

Who are the Stakeholders?

Step 3 in Identifying the Ethical Problem

What are the Available Options?

Step 4 in Identifying the Ethical Problem

Double Checking the Decision

Step 5 in Identifying the Ethical Problem